An Analysis of Marketing Communications Tools Used by Venture Capital Essay

An Analysis of Marketing Communications Tools Used by Venture Capital Investment funds to attract Investors and Gain their Trust - Essay poserThis research will begin with the statement that Venture Capital funds are attracting cash from all over the world to fuel the organic maturation of the new saving. The new economy may be defined as an economy characterized by the absence of business cycles or inflations. The new economy usually has an accelerated rate of productivity growth. Industries such as the software industry and e-commerce characterize the new economy. It is the most trending financial services area with bulky external interest caused by the recent Silicon Valley IPO(Initial Public Offering) success. Due to the fact that financial services Industry is relatively new background for academic marketing literature, this dissertation will investigate current and potential utilization of marketing communication strategies that are or could be applied by Venture Capital ( VC) Investment funds to attract investors and gain trust in their brand. Marco factors in the background of this research make this case particularly interesting. stand credit crisis effects on the financial industry, current global sovereign debt crisis, consumer skepticism, feed external, negative impact on trust in the industry. Lerner contends that financial crisis appears to have had a substantial negative effect on investors willingness to finance innovative entrepreneurship. However, is it always the case? Most recent 2011private equity sector successes and boom in Venture Capital (VC) investments demonstrate that this sector is somewhat different and despite the economic crisis, money from institutional and private wealth is flowing into these funds with the presentiment of high-risk high-return. Not just high-risk, on top of that, in comparison to traditional Hedge funds, VC funds are perceived as being slight transparent and even sometimes associated with money laund ering. Hedge fund manager presenting in front of the panel of investors would normally quantify the nature of investment strategy.

Claudius has been presented in the theatre as a worthy King Essay Example for Free

Claudius has been presented in the theatre as a worthy King EssayClaudius has been presented in the theatre as a worthy King and Polonius as an amiable and sensible father. What is your response to the ways in which Shakespeare presents one of these acknowledgments?It is hard to judge the character of Polonius in Shakespeares small town, due to the fact Shakespeare presents musical compositiony of the events not only through Hamlets eyes, but the eyes of Polonius children and the King, and through these divergent people he is presented in different ways. However, there is a great deal more to this multi-faceted character in the play, as his presence and actions in the play is of great importance, before and after his death.Polonius is presented in different ways in various stage productions usually, he is presented as a wise man, and one with great influence upon his son and daughter, Laertes and Ophelia, and of a man highly respected by King Claudius, Queen Gertrude and the people of Denmark. Despite this, he can become a rather comic character, if the company wishes Hamlet to be presented more positively. As Polonius is presented through different productions in different ways, it is difficult to evaluate his true nature.As the play is largely presented through Hamlets eyes, it is from him we channelise many of our opinions. It is eventually Hamlet that kills Polonius, stabbing him through the arras, and Hamlet who sends him off with such harsh nomenclature as a foolish, prating knave it can be said that he encompasses aspects of this statement, as we see in different parts of the play. However, to be deeply cynical of Polonius is somewhat hard to do. Polonius, in the eyes of Claudius, the Queen, the words and actions of Laertes, Ophelia and the Danish people, and the obediency of Reynaldo give us a more reasoned insight into Polonius.Polonius can be seen as foolish mainly when talking to his servant, Reynaldo, wherein he directs Reynaldo as to how to spy on Laertes. During his speech, Polonius gets wrapped up in his own words, and seems to lose the points he is trying to get acrossAnd then, sir, does a this he does what was I slightly to say? By the mass I was about to saysomething. Where did I leave?Shakespeare also transfers from blank verse into prose, accentuating Polonius loss of grip.However, this may actually be cleverly checking if Reynaldo is listening the fact he quotes him directly back At closes in the consequence, at friend or so, / and, gentlemen suggests many positive factors. For one, it is a formula on Polonius authority and importance that Reynaldo remains attentive and quotes him back perfectly. Also, if this is a trick, Polonius may feel the matter is so important to his sons welfare that he necessitate to test Reynaldo to see if he really is listening so that the surveillance can be perfectly executed.Polonius may be seen to lose his grip in his bouts of prating to the King and Queen in parts of the play too. His speech to Claudius and Gertrude concerning Hamlets madness is a prime example of Polonius prattling, as we see in his long-winded build up to his conclusion, that Hamlet is madTherefore, since brevity is the soul of wit,And tediousness the limbs and outward flourishes,I will be brief. Your noble son is mad..

Writing With Description Essay Example for Free

Writing With Description EssayBefore you begin your paragraph, you have to be certain(a) to pick manything that is worth describing. If you want to describe a character, make authentic the person is interesting in some way. If you want to describe an object, make sure it has some deeper meaning beyond itself so you have enough to write about. If you pick a place, make sure you can describe it in a unique way that can capture a readers attention.For example, in the opening pages of _The Catcher in the Rye,_ Holden Caulfield describes a baseball mitt. The mitt itself is not that remarkable, but he describes it in a way that fills it with meaning because it used to belong to his deceased brother. Though not every object you describe needs an elaborate backstory, if it has some meaning behind it, this can armed service the description carry weight.If you want to pick a place, dont just pick any old spot at a beach, but one that is meaningful to you or, if youre writing fiction, to one of your characters in some way. This can add a layer of depth to the place in question.INTRODUCE THE PERSON, PLACE, OR THING YOU ARE DESCRIBING. If you want to get the readers attention, then you should let him or her know what youre describing as soon as possible sort of of leaving them guessing. Here is an example of some opening lines in a descriptive paragraph_Natashas basement was our sanctuary. I return to it in my best dreams and foment up feeling like I could die happy._These opening sentences introduce the subject that is being described, the basement of the narrators friend. They make it clear that this place is very cardinal to the narrator.ENGAGE YOUR READERS SENSE OF SIGHT. You can start with what the reader can see and appeal to his or her sense of sight to help introduce the object. Since sight is the nearly helpful sense, any good descriptive paragraph mustfirst discuss what the writer wants the reader to visualize. Using strong adjectives to illustrate your scene, moment, experience or item to the reader will help provide a visual picture in your readers mind. Keep in mind that, while adjectives can help convey a sense of the subject, overusing them can lead to boring, overwrought writing. Heres an example of the opening of a descriptive paragraph_Even today I could paint a perfect picture of it, right up to the last piece of neglected pizza crust festering under the ping-pong table._Immediately, the reader is given a visual description of some things in the basement old pizza crust and a ping-pong table. The reader is given a sense of a messy, chaotic place.

Modern Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Modern Terrorism Essay1. What major measures nookie the international community take to prevent terrorism?The fight against terrorist organizations and terrorism is non just a fight that the United States must face al wholeness. This is evident from the Madrid train bombings, the bombings in London, and the terrorist attacks that Israel seems to face everyday from Hizball(a)ah. Terrorism is, in effect, international. both nations have a responsibility to combat terrorism to protect them and to protect other nations as well.One of the security measures that can be undertaken is that of securing aircraft and airports. Enders and Sandler cite in their book that between 1973 and 2002, there was an average of ten skyjackings per year (Enders, W. . Sandler, T., 2012). This was a number that is surprising due to the fact that it seems like most werent reported or very little coverage was given to the incidences. in that respect argon new technologies being developed all the tim e to supporter in securing of air travel. There is new technology in the area of explosive detection devices. One such technology is chitchated micro-tagging. During this process, tiny chips of micro-taggants are blended into explosive substances and color-coded to account the manufacturing business and batch of explosives (IME, 2005).This system would also be beneficial in the reconstruction of bomb scenes and utilise to gain knowledge and prepare for future terrorist acts. Another ripe technology is called dielectric analysis. Dielectric analysis is a powerful non-destructive tool for characterizing materials it can provide accurate, repeatable results unavailable by other electrical means. This, in essence, gives the explosive agents a fingerprint and could provide immediate identification of explosive substances at airports (DHS, 2012).Along with technological advanced in air security, people can often make the biggest impact. In this area, Federal Air Marshals play an imp ortant role. This is not something that all countries partake in but much and more countries are adding these individuals to their flights. The airline association estimates that 10 or 20 out of some 115 airlines that fly into the United States already use air put (Lichtblau, 2003). Israel, for instance, has used marshals on El Al flights for years, and as stated, some other countries have followed suit more recently, as Australia announced in 2003 that Qantas Airways would buzz off placing armed marshals on flights to Singapore. Mexico has stated that they would start to use their own air marshals on flights that are going to the United States.However, not all countries and airlines are signed on to the idea. Air France does not use air marshals and the British Air Line Pilots Association said it does not swear that arms belong on aircraft, and British Airways, the countrys biggest airline, said it reserves the right not to fly if it is forced to add air marshals (Lichtblau, 20 03). Although there is a general feeling among passengers that they would feel safer on a flight if there were an air marshal on board, not everyone believes the passengers would necessarily be safer. There are those that cite that an armed conflict on a plane would become more dangerous to the passengers as opposed to just letting the terrorist state their demands and expire with them for the release of passengers.Sound, actionable, news show is another area that countries can utilize for overall protection. Political intelligence is an important factor to combating terrorism. This can be used to identify where the groups are garnering the most support for their get. When this has been determined, pressure from other nations can be placed on these states to not support the terrorists. The gathering and use of legions intelligence is vital in any operation. The intelligence gathered by our forces can assist in finding out how many are in a particular group, what kinds of weapons they have, and where they are located. 2. Do you think the U.S. should follow Israels example of fighting terrorism? Explain fully.Israel has been fighting terrorism for many years, even forwardhand they became a nation in 1948. They are contact by Muslim nations, which historically do not get along with Israelis. This is particularly true of Palestinians. Since Israel is surrounded by so many that wish to do them harm, they have had to take more drastic steps in order to protect themselves.They had become one of the first countries to articulate a deliberate and official policy of requital against terrorism. Most nations understand that a nation must fight prat in order to protect itself and its interests. Israel on the other hand seems to retaliate in a much more aggressive manner. Such a case was their retaliation against an Arab village in Qibiya, Jordan in 1953. On October 13, 1953, Jordanian terrorists infiltrated the Israeli border and threw a grenade into a house, kill ing a mother and two children in Tiryat Yehuda. In an effort to prevent further attacks and protect its borders, Israel launched a reprisal raid on Qibiya, a Jordanian town across the border from Tiryat Yehuda. Unit 101, led by then Colonel Ariel Sharon, destroyed 50 homes, killing 69 Jordanian civilians who were hidden inside and had gone unnoticed (Oreck, A. 2007). Sharon had stated that he was not aware that civilians were conglomerate but that did not help in the embarrassment that Israel suffered due to the incident.The Israelis have pioneered the area of preemptive strikes against terrorism. This policy is a bit more difficult to change over the international community for its justification. It is one thing to fight back against an attack on your country it is another to strike first to prevent such an attack. barely in many cases is necessary to do so.Should we follow Israels example? If that question had been posed ten or fifteen years ago, I whitethorn have said no. Toda y, my answer would be yes, with a caveat. Though it whitethorn be difficult, I think we would need other countries to publicly back us to carry out certain missions. In the case of a preemptive strike, our allies must be informed of such action so they are not taken by surprise of the situation. As far as targeted killings, we had better have support in this under victorious or else we are going to look like the aggressors or worse, assassins.A prime example is our current situation in the Middle East. Although the United States has a policy against taking out heads of state, which President Ford imposed by executive order in 1976, there is nothing to say that we cannot take out leaders of terrorist groups as in the case of Osama bin Laden. In the climate we live in today, we had better have all of our options open and on the table if we want to obligate ourselves and help prevent future attacks. 3. Identify and explain at least three international conventions organized to suppress terrorism.I.The International Convention for the Suppression of the backing of Terrorism adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 9, 1999, and signed on behalf of the United States of America on January 10, 2000. The Convention is aimed at cutting off the funding that terrorist groups need to operate. This Convention provides an obligation that States Parties criminalize such conduct and establishes an international legal framework for cooperation among States Parties directed toward prevention of such support and ensuring the pursuit and punishment of offenders, wherever found.II.The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing was adopted in 1997. At this convention, The United Nations (1997) states Created a regime of world(a) jurisdiction over the un legalityful and intentional use of explosives and other lethal devices in, into, or against various defined public places with intent to kill or cause serious bodily injury, or with intent to cause extensive remainder of the public place. (article 2)It is similar to other conventions in that it requires parties to extradite or submit for criminal prosecution persons accused of committing or aiding in the commission of such offenses.III.The Convention on the Making of Plastic Explosives for the purpose of Detection was ratified by the United Nations in 1991. The members of the U.N. were concerned that plastic explosives had been used for such terrorist acts in the past and could be again in the future and wanted to do something some it. This Convention was aimed at deterring such unlawful acts of the use of plastic explosives because they felt there was a need for an international mandate for States to adopt appropriate measures to hold back that plastic explosives are marked. 4. Briefly evaluate the provision of the U.S. Patriot Act.The U.S. Patriot Act has ten different provisions that outline the United States governments war on terrorism. These provisions impac t the war on terrorism in different ways. Some of the provisions deal with rights and responsibilities others provide areas in which terrorism can be fought.The first title is for the enhancement of domestic security and provides for funding and information gathering. It also prohibits the discrimination against Muslim Americans. Title II is probably the most polemic of all the provisions. It is here where the perceived infringement on civil liberties takes place. This provision reshapes the way the federal government can collect information. The FBI can seize materials from privy citizens when it believes national security is at stake and then get permission from courts to do so afterwards. Title III involves the area of money laundering and the financing of terrorist organizations. Title IV increases border patrols and mandates the detention of suspected terrorists. Title V deals with removing obstacles in the investigation of terrorism and addresses the capture and prosecution of terrorists.Title VI provides aid to the families of Public Safety Officers who were injured or killed in terrorist attacks, and amends the Victims of Crime Act of 1984. Title VII supports the sharing of information by federal law enforcement agencies. Title VIII strengthens criminal laws against terrorism, defines domestic terrorism, and expands biological weapons statutes. Title IX provides guidance on intelligence information sharing from foreign agencies. The information derived from electronic surveillance or physical searches is disseminated for efficient and effective foreign intelligence purposes. The last title is kind of a catchall and is listed as miscellaneous. It contains 16 sections that do not fall under other titles in the act. 5. Briefly discuss the impact of hand brake powers on defeating terrorism.Many nations have forms of so called, Emergency Powers. Some countries call it State of Exception, Special Powers, or Terrorist Affected. No matter what a country may call their emergency powers, extreme circumstances may exist in which the security of the country in needed and these powers allow for authorities to stop, search, question and detain individuals suspected of terrorist involvement. There have been emergency powers used even before the United States was formed.Between 1775 and 1781, the Continental Congress passed a series of acts and resolves which count as the first expressions of emergency authority. These instruments dealt almost exclusively with the prosecution of the Revolutionary War (Relyea, 2006). The President of the United States has available certain powers that may be exercised in the event that the nation is threatened by crisis, exigency, or emergency circumstances (other than natural disasters, war, or near-war situations). Part TwoWhat changes has the F.B.I. make since 9/11? How have these changes improved the F.B.I.s ability to respond to terrorism? film director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Robert S. Mu ller, III said the following in a 2008 Washington Times article Before 9/11, we were an agency that focused in the beginning on investigating crimes after the fact, he told The Washington Times in an e-mail interview this week. Today we are actively preventing and disrupting destructive and illegal acts before they occur. (para. 3) A few examples of how the F.B.I. is accomplishing this are how they recruit and train their special agents. Mr. Muller instituted a five-year move up or get out plan for its leadership, concern it critical to the success of the future success of the F.B.I.The budget for 2012 was $8.1 billion including $119.2 million in program increases to enhance counterterrorism, computer intrusions, and other programs (The FBI, 2012). They have also made great efforts to increase information sharing with other intelligence agencies which makes efforts to prevent terrorists activities a greater success as in the thwarting of the attempted bombing of downtown Manhattan financial district just a few short months ago.Since the institution of Director Mullers initiatives and the FBIs new focus on counterterrorism rather than just being a reactive agency, the FBI is better trained and equipped to not only respond but to go on the offensive activity when needed. With the help of the Patriot Act and the expanded powers it allows law enforcement to react more decisively and with greater effectiveness.Part ThreeWhat were the policies of Germany and japan before 9/11? What measures have been taken by these two countries in order to combat terrorism?Prior to 9/11, the German government had a typical laissez faire flack to international terrorists and their organizations. After 9/11 this changed. In a CRS report, Miko, F.T. (2004), stated the following The German response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks against the United States was immediate and scarce in scope for that country. Setting aside its post-World War II prohibition against deploying forces outs ide of Europe and overcoming pacifist leanings of some in the governing coalition, Germany quickly offered military and other assistance to the United States.In his initial reaction to the attacks of 9/11, Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder declared Germanys unlimited solidarity with the United States. On September 12, 2001, the German government, along with other U.S. allies, invoked NATOs Article V, paving the way for military assistance to the United States. The Chancellor gained approval from the German Parliament to deploy parade to Afghanistan with a call for a vote of confidence in his own government.Since then, German efforts in the fight against terrorism have expanded across a wide spectrum. Germany has instituted significant policy, legislative, and organizational reforms. Bilateral cooperation with the United States has been extensive, despite differences stemming from the distinct approaches and constraints in each country and frictions resulting from sharp disagreement over Iraq policy. (p. 1) Since the end of WWII and Japans defeat, their policy has been one of maintaining a Ground Self Defense Force (GSDF) aimed at protecting the homeland only. While Japan remains a loyal supporter of the United States, the public is very reluctant to view military intervention outside the country as favorable. However, they did send a junior-grade force to Iraq in a relatively peaceful operating environment in the town of Samawah. While there they neither caused nor received any casualties, which was normal with the Japanese public.Although Japanese opinion on the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq suggests a willingness to recognize the utility of military power for territorial defense, but not for offensive uses of force, unless these are directly related to national defense, they remain a strong supporter of U.S. policies against terrorists. Part FourSummarize the salient points of the depicted object Strategy For Combating Terrorism.The salient points of the Natio nal Strategy For Combating Terrorism can be summed up as followsDefeat Terrorists and Their OrganizationsDeny Sponsorship, Support, and Sanctuary to TerroristsDiminish the Underlying Conditions that Terrorists Seek to ExploitDefend U.S. Citizens and Interests at Home and AbroadThe list above serves as the Goals and Objectives of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism as of 2007. These same goals still hold true today. Part cinqueSummarize the salient points of the National Strategy To Combat Weapons of Mass DestructionNational Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. This was first issued by then President, George W. supply in December 2002. A description of strategy is as follows The Weapons of Mass Destruction strategy presents a national strategy to combat weapons of mass destruction (WMD) through three major efforts (1) nonproliferation, (2) counter-proliferation, and (3) consequence management in WMD incidents (The whiten House, 2003). The plan addresses the pr oduction and proliferation of WMD among nations, as well as the capability threat of terrorists using WMD agents.I leave you with a final quote from President George W. furnish. The gravest danger our Nation faces lies at the crossroads of radicalism and technology. Our enemies have openly declared that they are seeking weapons of mass destruction, and evidence indicates that they are doing so with determination. The United States will not allow these efforts to succeed. History will judge gratingly those who saw this coming danger but failed to act. In the new world we have entered, the only path to peace and security is the path of action. President BushThe National Security Strategy of the United States of America September 17, 2002References(2005). Taggant History and Background. IME. Retrieved January 8, 2013 from http//www.ime.org/dynamic.php?page_id=66(2012). Electromagnetic Studies of Explosives Laboratories. 1-2. Department of Homeland Security http//www.orau.gov/DHS-TSL visSciProg/labs/TSL_EMX LAB.pdf.(2012). Quick Facts. The FBI. Retrieved January 15, 2013 from http//www.fbi.gov/about-us/quick-factsConery, B., Mueller praises FBIs changes since 9/11. The Washington Times. Editors Picks. Retrieved January 15, 2013 from http//www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jul/25/mu eller-praises-fbis-changes-since-911/?page=allEnders, W. . Sandler, T. (2012). The Political Economy of Terrorism. (2nd ed., pp. 86-90). New York, NY Cambridge University Press.Lichtblau, E. (2003). U.S. says it will force countries to arm flights. San Francisco Chronicle, A/1. Retrieved January 8, 2013, from http//www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/12/30/MNGJD40F651.DTLtype=printable.Miko, F.T. (2004). Germanys Role in Fighting Terrorism Implications for U.S. Policy. (RL32710). 1. United States Congress. Retrieved January 15, 2013 from http//www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32710.pdfOreck, A. (2007). Qibya. Jewish Virtual Library, The Library. Retrieved January 8, 2013, from htt p//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Qibiya.html.Relyea, H. C. (2006). National Emergency Powers. In CRS Report for Congress. Congress. Retrieved January 9, 2013, from http//www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/98-505.pdf.The White House. (2003). National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. Arms Control Today. Retrieved January 15, 2013 from http//www.armscontrol.org/act/2003_01-02/document _janfeb03United Nations. (1997). Conventions Against Terrorism. Retrieved January 9, 2013, from United Nations http//www.un.org/law/cod/terroris.htm

Sports Nutrition: Components of Balanced Diet

Sports Nutrition Components of Balanced DietDESCRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A pabuluming BALANCE (P6 P7)PART A P6BALANCED DIETCARBOHYDRATESOur bodies look for carbs as an energy source because they are readily available when there is need for some quick energy. Different foods contain different types of carbohydrates, for font when we are eating candies or cookies we are consuming mostly sugars which are simple carbs.FATSLipids which are generally known as fats have more calories per guanine than other nutrients so they are energy dense nutrients. They are a good form of sustainable energy for endurance activities.PROTEINSBecause protein is necessary for growth, repair and knowledge our body uses it as a last alternative source of energy. We get protein from a selection of animal and jutt foods. Meat and beans being towering graphic symbol sources. Protein is broken down into Amino Acids.WATERWater is an important part of all body functions and processes, including digestion and el imination. When youre on a diet, water as well acts as a slant-loss aid because it can help you eat less. Drinking water is important during weight loss because it provides hydration without unwanted calories.FIBREA diet that includes foods that are deep in persona can help lower blood cholesterol and prevent diabetes and heart disease. When carbohydrates are combined with fiber, it slows the absorption of sugar and regulates insulin response. And food with fiber make us feel full, which discourages overeating.VITAMINSVitamins are non-caloric, they perform specific tasks at a molecular level and help prevent deficiency diseases. They need to be provided by a diet as our bodies cannot manufacture them. (Except Vitamin D and K) They also help maintain growth and with the nervous and system functions. Some vitamins are also required to produce hormones.QuestionsWhat are the daily recommended allowances for each section?Guideline Daily Amount ValuesTypical valuesWomenMenChildren (5- 10 years)Calories2,000 kcal2,500 kcal1,800 kcalProtein45 g55 g24 gCarbohydrate230 g300g220 gSugars90 g120 g85 gFat70 g95 g70 gSaturates20 g30 g20 gFibre24 g24 g15 gSalt6 g6 g4 gWhy should some sections be avoided or minimised in consumption?Saturated Fat This is the kind of fat found in butter and lard, pies, cakes and biscuits, fatty cuts of meat, sausages and bacon, and cheese and cream. A diet high in virgin fat raises cholesterol levels and increases the risk of heart disease.If we follow a balanced diet what types of diseases do we avoid?A healthy diet prevents obesity which is caused by a high intake of fat and sugars paired with a lack of physical body processPART B P7DESCRIBE AN APPROPRIATE TWO-WEEK DIET device FOR A SELECTED SPORTS PERFORMER FOR A SELECTED SPORTS ACTIVITYThe main goal of this diet plan is to provide the stated athlete with a healthy balanced diet which will help him with his performance within his main sport and allow him to maintain the right weight th at is needed to compete at a high level.NotesAthlete requirements Maintain body weightDaily Calorie Intake (for maintaining weight) Be able to plan a diet appropriate for a selected sports activityDietbalanced diet (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, fibre, vitamins, minerals)Activitieseg aerobic, anaerobic, muscular strength and endurance, flexibilitytiming, eg pre-season, mid-season, post-season, pre-event, inter-event, post eventPlanning dietsappropriate for selected activityappropriate for selected sportsperformerassessment of needs, eg weight gain, weight loss, muscle gain, fatgain, fat lossnutrition (macronutrients, micronutrients, fibre)food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, oils, dairy, meat)sourcesavailabilityTASK 10 (P7)Produce a balanced diet plan for a professional athlete of your choice for a two-week period and describe why you have chosen these foods.Week 1Week 1MondayTuesdayWednesdaythoriumFridaySaturdaySundayBreakfastluncheonPre-trainingDuring trainingPost tra iningDinnerWeek 2Week 2MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayBreakfastLunchPre-trainingDuring trainingPost trainingDinner(For (M5) explain in detail your chosen food combinations in the above two-week diet)

A Safe Society Going Risky Sociology Essay

A Safe high society Going Risky Sociology EssayNothing worth having in life is ever reach without taking guess (Nansen, 1927 p36). Nansen a great Arctic Explorer and Nobel peace prize winner said this in his speech somewhat the benignant pick out for excitement. Not only this man, but up to 50% of Norwegian bulk ar willing to take assays in life (Norwegian national survey, 2003). The number of mint segmentationicipating in original larks seems to be growing ( playfulnessbusiness.com, xtremesport4u.com), as is the number of championships in these sports. It seems on that focalise is more news about perfect sports and there be more advertisements. An theoretical account of a recent risk of infection taking razet that made the news in the Netherlands is a thirteen year old young woman who wishes to sail around the world on her own. The news of this girl became prime news and many different institutions interfered with the girls plan. The Dutch child protection tried to keep her. Eventuall(a)y they succeeded the girl was non allowed to execute her plan by court order.The modelling in the last paragraph shows a paradox the contrast in risk-seeking behavior and the risk avoidance or risk minimization in national policies. Modern policies argon aimed on risk avoidance, all risks should be minify (Beck YEAR, Giddens YEAR, Breivik YEAR). Modern societies do this very obviously. Clear examples bridges, car, airplanes, nuclear reactors, elevators, toys and electrical devices, all should be safe. People all need to behave according to guidelines (i.e. laws) if you do not you will end up in jail. Different benevolent of examples but good examples nevertheless are an organizer of a raft event was sued for be negligent when in 2007 two young women died when their raft slipped of a dam, insurance companies giving a discount on their insurance if enough smoke detectors and opposite(a) safety equipment is present in a house, or the building of gas stations outside of urban areas and dozen more examples could be assumption. What these different exemplifies is a seemed tension mingled with the deeply rooted need for excitement on one hand and the risk avoidance policies by societies nowadays. Where could this seemed tension come from? Elias and dunning (YEAR) bring through in their book -Quest for firing Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process- that modern society constitutes of routines and relative lack of risk. The comparison is made between Greek wrestlers and papistical boxers to modern ones in order to exemplify the extraordinary violence permissible in antiquity and the soft and rule controlled society of present time. at that place are also empirical data which raise questions about the theory that the quest for the excitement of sports is an escape from the routines of modern life. This data shows a difference between the richer and the poorer side of society. Poorer, more often the most routinized good deal (i.e. mill workers), seem less prone to look for excitement in sports than the less routinized richer people of society. On the contrary of this empirical data that thrill seeking, risk taking, sensation seeking and all other synonyms of people looking for excitement has been found to be a someoneality trait and therefore has genetic roots. The genes involved in this trait are closely related to major personality dimensions wish extraversion and psychoticism (Eysenck Eysenck, 1977). A story by Fulker, Eysenck, Zuckermann (1980) discards sensation seeking almost as a disease. Sensation seeking was found to relate to both extraversion and psychoticism but not to neuroticism. The general pattern of relationships to other trait tests suggests that sensation seekers are impulsive extraverts, but not necessarily neurotic or anxious (Fulker et al., 1980 p262). on that point does not seem to be an at hand answer to the question Does a safety-orientated society make people indigence t o look for excitement in for example constitutional sports? This is the research question for this paper. We hypothesize that a safety orientated society makes people penury to look for excitement in for example peak sports. This paper is a brush up of articles present about the raised topic and will try to get an insight in if, wherefore and how people are looking for excitement nowadays. In the first chapter we described what we mean by a safety orientated society. In the second a definition is given of excitement and in the thirth excitement is related to risk. The fourth chapter explores whether extremum sports are truly sports. In paragraph one this is done from the perspective of indecorum, and in paragraph two from institutional embeddedness as proposed bij Tamboer Steenbergen (2007). Chapter five gives an answer to the question why people move into in total sport. The last chapter mentions in what way extreme sports are influenced bij our safety orientated society. In the conclusion we give answer to our main question.We do this literature study as an assignment of the Sport and Society runway as a part of the Master Human Movement Sciences but the outcome of this paper could be meaningful to others interested in the human need for excitement. 1. A safety-orientated societyAs mentioned in the introduction the safety-orientated society does play a major part this research. Many examples have been given of this supposititious risk avoidance society. but what is it and is the society that different than we world we lived in, in the past? Ulrich Beck, a respected sociologist, wrote about the risk society in 1998 (Beck, 1998 Kelman, 2003). Beck describes a risk society as risk avoiding because everything in daily live seem to be focused on risk. Society wants to know everything about risk and want to avoid every risk. All risks should be controllable, calculable and predictable. In other run-in each task, each product or each action mechanism is at least statistical analyzed for hazards. Although this definition is useful to go out the term risk society Beck and Giddens decided in a collaboration paper to extend the term risk society into six parameters of risk society. Every parameter is interconnected. The parameters are the omnipresence of risk, risk is everywhere. At the very core self-referent modernity is characterized by an awareness of living in a society of increasing vulnerability to the unpredictable, unfamiliar and unprecedented risks manufactured by modern erudition and technology. Different understandings of risk, the proliferation of the risk definitions, the reflexive orientation to risk and risk and trust. These six parameters make the definition is more comprehensive, because overly this cooperation between Giddens and Beck they did not agree completely. Giddens didnt fix with the first short definition. He insisted that risk is not the same as hazard or danger. Risks refer to hazards that are ac tively assessed in relation to proximo possibilities (Giddens, 1999). Further contributions of the definition of risk have been made by Wells, Douglas, Luhmann, Joffe and Fox. They represent different disciplinary approaches to risk. To mention all these different approaches would be beyond the employment of this paper. But the scope of the different authors may be clear. Modern society is a risk society because societies are focused on risk.Although we completely understand the point of view of the different authors we strongly believe that society is, for the same reasons as proposed by the authors, focused on creating a safe society. The reason why we chose for this contrast is based on our point of view. We have a propensity to look at this society as a safety-orientated society, because we feel that societies aim on safety. From this save society we look into the risks of extreme sports. This contributes to the contrast between these factors. Hereby we presume that a person w ho starts doing extreme sports started his live in this safety-orientated society (i.e. a predictable and therefore maybe boring society). The people who step out of the safety-orientated society to participate in an extreme sport what are they looking for?2. ExcitementZuckermann (1983 and 1994) wrote that some sports activities might put up a method by which sensation seekers satisfy their appetite for excitement. Potgieter and Bisschof took it a little further and proposed that sensation seekers are not interested in low risk and low excitement activities such as marathon running (Potgieter, Bisschof 1990). But what is this need for excitement? This chapter will provide a definition for the need of excitement and explain the sub factors that come forward from this definition.In his paper Sensation seeking Beyond the optimal direct of arousal Zuckerman provides a definition which fits seamless in this paper. He states the need for excitement as Look for excitement is a trait defi ned by the need for varied, novel, and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take sensible and social risks for the sake of such experience(Zuckerman 1979, p.10). Between 1979 and the present there has been done much research on this topic. different researchers added some dimensions and that is why (Zuckerman 1994, p.26) came with a new definition for looking for excitement sensation seeking is a trait defined by the seeking of varied, novel, complex, and acuate sensations and experiences, and the willingness to take physical, social, legal and financial risks for the sake of such experience. Although this better defined definition there was still the need to define it into four sub factors which areThrill and Adventure seeking represents the desire to engage in sports or other physi mobilizey risky activities that provide unusual sensations of speed or defiance of gravity, such as scuba diving or move.Experience seeking involves seeking of novel sensations and experience through the mind and senses, as arousing music, even psychedelic drugs, art and travel. Disinhibition describes the seeking sensations through drinking, partying, gambling and sexual variety. Items of this scale indicate seeking of stimulation through other persons.Boredom susceptibility items indicate fanaticism for repetitive experience of any kind including routine work and boring people.3. Excitement related to riskCan we relate look for excitement to risk? Is it a relation? Or flock you have excitement without taking risks? If you relate excitement to extreme sport you rouse answer this question with yes. Besides this perspective, (Highhouse 1996) showed a view from the perspective of society. He uppers that risk could also be taken by threats and opportunities. Threats are related to loss and opportunities are related to fall upon. (Highhouse 1996) testify an interesting empirical study. This study concludes that people want to take risks but there is a clea r leverage beneficial to threats. This basically means that i.e. architectural plan A 400 people will die. Program B 1/3 probability that nobody will die 2/3 probability that 600 people will die. According to Highhouse people will chose for program A. The results typically reveal a framing effect with choices involving gains revealing more risk aversion. The example shows that not always excitement can be related to risk. This test clearly showed that people are risk avoidance. They dont grap the excitement to win 400 lives in fact they chose for not loosing another 200 people.According to (Zuckerman) sensation seeking is always related to risk he wrote biosocial trait of sensation seeking as a predictor of risk-taking behavior. There are good reasons for this as the sensation-seeking motive can illuminate why some people take risks and others do not, and some(prenominal) studies have shown the validity of the concept in this field. Zuckerman related to this concept , behavioral expressions of sensation seeking have not only been found in confused kinds of risk-taking behaviors such as driving habits, gambling, health, financial activities, alcohol and drug use, sexual behavior and sports but the trait was found to be also involved in vocational preferences and choices, jobs satisfaction, social premarital and marital relationships, eating habits and food preferences, creativity, humor, fantasy, media and art preferences and social attitudes. This list of Zuckerman covers all the four sub factors of the definition look for excitement. 4. natural sportsMany philosophers have askes themselves the questions what makes sport sport? and what makes sports populair? Like normal or mainstream (Rinehart, 2005) sports, alternative or extreme sports are described by the use of these words while they are never clearly defined. In literature there has not yet been a comprehensive definition, although some have tried. Tamboer Steenbergen (2004) have proposed that spor ts can be seen from two different perspectives from its autonomy and from its institutional embeddedness. For the use of this paper the difference between sports and extreme sports is explored by using these perspectives.Extreme sport and its autonomyBernard Suits describes sport as similar to game and play, and he came up with the following definition (Meier, 1988) to play a game is to engage in an activity say towards bringing about a specific state of affairs (1), using only means permitted by rules (2), where the rules prohibit more efficient in choose of less efficient means (3), and where such rules are accepted just because they make possible such activity (4). This somewhat philosophic definition can be clarified by an extreme sport example. In downhill mountainbiking a competitor has to follow a specified set out course (1), he is only allowed to use a mountainbike which is approved by the competition organization (2), the course set out by the organization is more nasty than the easiest way down (3) but all competitors apply to these rules because this is the game/sport they are playingMeier (1988) wanted to distinguish sport from game and added a 5th element to the definitions. This fifth element is the demonstration of physical skill. Extreme sports can even better be described by this definition (i.e. think of all the extreme sports with a jury like halfpipe snowboarding, skateboarding, BMX, freestyle windsurfing), but there remain some characteristics which could make extreme sports different from other sports. Most sports that people call extreme are associated with taking (physical) risk. Extreme sports are about the mastering of a skill (Willig, 2008) to overcome the risks mostly caused or provided by the environment. Mastering a skill is highly individual and this makes extreme sports very indivually aimed sports. There is not even a need for an opponent in most cases because it is about the person mastering a skill or overcoming the dang ers of the environment, the environment can be seen as the opponent. In extreme sport there are less rules and so in many other sport. The natural surroundings make obstacles. This makes the second element in Suits definition of sports less appropriate for extreme sports (i.e. offpiste skiing or snowboarding this is often the most efficient way down). The risk that is associated with extreme sports could be a factor that makes these sports more exciting or more sensational than other sports (or other activities). Also the environment in which these sports take place can account for the feeling of excitement and therefore be a reason to do an extreme sport.Extreme sports and its institutional embeddednessThe national and international championships that are organized for many kinds of extreme sports show that there is an institutional embeddedness. Mountainbiking and windsurfing are even at the Olympic sports and are regularly seen on TV. According to Rinehart (2003) extreme sport i s mostly developed by young people who are looking for excitement. after(prenominal) this first phase entrepreneurs starting to get in the sport by two ways firstly businesses develop gear and products, which reduce the risk of an extreme sport. And secondly the sport becomes popular by magazines and TV programs. The results of entrepreneurs who enter the extreme sport is that it becomes popular in general and possible to do for the safe society. A second distinction between extreme sport and a mainstream sport is that the persons who are doing extreme sports aligning themselves with sport in addition to a lifestyle. Which over again opens a new market for business ventures and entrepreneurs i.e. clothes and drinks such as Red bull. These institutions want something to say about the sport. They all profit when extreme sports becomes bigger. There will be more media attention, more sponsors, and more people to buy their products. Extreme sport is highly dependent on expensive mater ial, so as for instance in cycling good material is a never ending business. Could this be the reason for the problem Elias and Dunning proposed? As mentioned in the introduction extreme sports are often done by the richer members of society. This is easily explained by the highly dependence of expensive materials. The members that can afford to escape the routinized boring society. Extreme sport is surrounded by the concept of lifestyle. Extreme sport is not just participating in the sport activity but also in de kind of life that is a part of this sport. In many of these sports, but for instance bicycle motorcross (BMX) and surfing, chilling is a part of the lifestyle. This lifestyle can be seen in de clothes that people wear, the drinks, the shoes, sunglasses and caps or scarfs.5. Participation in extreme sportsBecause it seems extreme sport has become very populair but is also associated with risk (for physical harm or even death) there is the question Why do people want to par ticipate in extreme sport?Extreme sport seems to distinquish themselves from other sport because of the risk involved. Could it be possible that participators do so because of the risk? And do they need this in order to escape our (boring) safety-orientated society? taking risk is associated with thrill- and sensation-seeking behavior. This would mean that people are taking risk because of the excitement that comes with it. As mentioned before, in Zuckermans definition of sensation risk-taking behavior is not an essential part, people are only willing to take the risk to experience the sensation. It is possible to experience excitement without risk. Whether people want to experience excitement with or without risk is dependent from the situation. Highhouse (1996) showed risk is comprehend as an opportunity when in a loss position, but as a threat when in a gain position. Perceptions of threat or opportunity could have effects on risk taking (Highhouse, 1996). Catar (2006) proposes there is a difference between real risk and perceived risk. Real risk a numerical estimation of the likelihood of an event and perceived risk is influenced by cultural factors. In adventure tourism (activities like bungeejumping, raften, paragliding, etc.) 94% of the participants found there was a very low or non-existent possibility for los, which ment that almost everybody thought the activity was without risk (Catar, 2006). Besides this, the participants evaluate the activities in relation tot the risk of everyday experiences, like driving a car at high speed (Catar, 2006). There can be cerebrate that de perceivement of risk is dependent on situational factors, and that people do not seek risk but the experience of sensation. Catar (2006) states Although participants are safe in this knowledge of an outcome, there is no knowlegde as to what the experience might feel like, which is where the attraction really lies. This experience might be so different from everyday experiences, and in faction with an outstanding environmental view the reason for people to participate in extreme sport.At this point rises the question wheter extreme sport is still extreme without the risks involved. And do the experience and environment make extreme sport different from other sports?There are also empirical data which raise questions about the theory that the quest for the excitement of sports is an escape from the routines of modern life. If this is the case, and it certainly seems plausible, how can we explain the well-attested fact that the advantaged rather than the disadvantaged members of society are more likely to do and to watch sports? In other words, those whose lives are least routinized, e.g., professionals, are more likely to seek excitement in sports than those whose lives are most routinized, e.g., factory workers. Perhaps the answer lies in the kinds of sports that are popular with different groups of people.Before people participate in new activities there are two very important elements that must be met. First, people have to be aware of the creative activity of the activity and the possibility to participate. And, secondly, people have to be in the fortune that it is possible for them to participate in terms of time, skill, and money. Most extreme sports are quite new and many people are probably unaware of the existence of these activities. By television, advertisments, and stories from friends they become acquinted with the new sports. But before people decide to take part in these sports they have to be in de right set to do so. Most material is very expensive, and there are many sports that cannot be done anywhere. For mountainbiking their have to be tracks or a natural environment, for skiing snowy mountains are needed, for surfing their have to be big waves etc. People who are looking for these circumstances can probably be called sensation-seekers. Donnelly (2006) point out that the way in which research has been done on extreme sports often only includes the core participants. Their mode of participation has come to be called trustworthy in contrast to the participation of so-called wannabes, posers and nonparticipants. Their relationship with extreme sport is a commercial one. The identification with extreme sport relies for a big part on the adoption of the related lifestyle (Donnelly, 2006). This points out what big influence media, advertisements and groups have on people. And it shows that there are very different kinds of people who participate in extreme sport. Of course this is also the reason why there isnt a simple answer to the question why people do extreme sport. Extreme sport may be so popular in contrast to other sport because most participants are attracted to the lifestyle, the products and may not even be practising the sport itself.6. Are extreme sports under influence of the safety-orientated society?It could be concluded from chapter 5 that there is a safety-orientated society because people are looking for safety. It is not only our society, but people arent looking for the risk of death of great physical harm. When there are many people who want to take part in extreme sports, safety has to be guaranteed. But when extreme sport becomes safer, there will be more people who want to take part. It seems extreme sport has a very succesfull image which has been made by media and companies. Advertisements and the way the media shows extreme sport make it sound very exciting. But these sports also have a lifestyle that is known as chilling and relaxing. Not only the sport itself but also the special places to go for participating in that sport make it also special and exciting. In this way extreme sport mirrors our safety orientated society. Because the risks have decreased, and physical safety is assured, people can seek their needed thrills and sensation in extreme sport.ConclusionDoes a safety-orientated society make people want to look for excitement in fo r example extreme sports? Our safety-orientated society makes it possible for all kinds of people to seek excitement in extreme sports. ImplicationsGovernment If you want excitement then interest do an extreme sport instead of experimenting drugs and alcohol because being physically active keeps you healthy and thats safeReferencesDonnelly, M. (2006). Studying extreme sports beyond the core participants. journal of sport and social issues, 30, 219Elias, N. Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for Excitement Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process. Oxford, Basil BlackwellFulker, Eysenck Zuckerman, M. (1980). A Genetic and Environmental Analysis JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 14, 261-281 Highhouse, S. Yuce, P. (1996). Perspectives, perceptions, and risk-taking behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 65, 159-167 http//www.xtremesport4u.com/extreme-sport/extreme-sport-growing-in-popularity/http//www.sportbusiness.com/news/143916/surge-in-popularity-of-extreme- sportsMeier, K.V. (1988). Triad Trickery Playing With Sport and Games. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, XV, 11-30.Nansen (1927) Adventure, in G. Breivik, THE QUEST FOR frenzy AND THE SAFE SOCIETY, journ. Safety sciencePotgieter, J., Bisschoff, F., 1990. Sensation seeking among medium and low risk sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills 71, 1203_/1206.Stranger, M. (1999). The aesthetics of risk. A study of surfing. International review for the sociology of sport, 34 (3), 265-276 Tamboer, J. Steenbergen, J. (2004). Sportfilosofie. Nederland, Budel Uitgeverij DAMON.Willig, C. (2008). A phenomenological investigation of the experience of taking part in extreme sports. Journal of health psychology, 13, 690Zuckerman, M., 1983. Sensation seeking and sports. Personality and Individual Differences 4, 285_/292.Zuckerman, M., 1994. behavioural Expression and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking. Cambridge University Press, New York.Zuckerman, M. (1979) Sensation seeking Beyond the optimal lev el of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum.Ruch, W. Zuckerman M. ( ). Sensation seeking in adolescence. Hoofdstuk 1

Essay --

IntroductionTrust is a very important concept in account. According to the American Institute of Certified cosmos Accountants (AICPA) explanation is a service activity. Its function is to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is int block uped to be useful in fashioning economic decisions, in making reas iodined choices among alternative courses of action. These economic decisions are made by companies, stockholders, consumer, and many other parties. These decisions have to do with money, and so at one time impact the lives of everyone who puts their trust in accountants to paint an accurate financial picture on which these parties make their decisions. However, sometimes it can be beneficial to one caller to paint an inaccurate picture, or in other words, report false financial information. This is where accounting scandals come into play. Sometimes big companies use accounting reports to brood about their finances to l iving making money. One very notable and infamous instance where such an accounting scandal occurred was with Enron from the late mid-nineties until the end of 2001. Background informationEnron Corporation was born in 1985. The government had started deregulation of natural gas pipelines, and Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, two existing companies unite to name Enron. The deregulation of the gas pipelines however, caused Enron to not have exclusive rights to pipelines and because of the merger, Enron had a lot of debt. To keep itself planless the company needed a new art outline to get cash flowing and profits coming in. Kenneth Lay was the CEO of Enron at that point, and he hired Jeffery Skilling, who dealt with asset and liability management, as a consultant to co... ...of the largest accounting firms in America, in charge of auditing Enron then became involved, and destroyed any of Enrons documents that could prove that they were breaking the law. Consequences and Concl usionIn the end, Enron could not keep itself afloat once it turned to fraud. Shareholders lost $74 billion, thousands of employees and investors lost their retirement accounts, and many employees lost their jobs. Lives were ruined. Lay died before serving time. Skilling got 24 years in prison. Fastow concord to become an informant and therefore got less time in prison. The company filed for bankruptcy. Arthur Andersen was found guilty of falsifying Enrons account and destroying evidence, and the firm failed. hoi polloi be quiet talk about the Enron scandal today, and accounting practices are now held to a higher standard in order to avoid a denouement care this again. Essay -- IntroductionTrust is a very important concept in accounting. According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Accounting is a service activity. Its function is to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is int ended to be useful in making economic decisions, in making reasoned choices among alternative courses of action. These economic decisions are made by companies, stockholders, consumer, and many other parties. These decisions have to do with money, therefore directly impact the lives of everyone who puts their trust in accountants to paint an accurate financial picture on which these parties make their decisions. However, sometimes it can be beneficial to one party to paint an inaccurate picture, or in other words, report false financial information. This is where accounting scandals come into play. Sometimes big companies use accounting reports to lie about their finances to keep making money. One very notable and infamous instance where such an accounting scandal occurred was with Enron from the late 1990s until the end of 2001. Background informationEnron Corporation was born in 1985. The government had started deregulation of natural gas pipelines, and Houston Natural Gas and Int erNorth, two existing companies merged to create Enron. The deregulation of the gas pipelines however, caused Enron to not have exclusive rights to pipelines and because of the merger, Enron had a lot of debt. To keep itself afloat the company needed a new business strategy to get cash flowing and profits coming in. Kenneth Lay was the CEO of Enron at that point, and he hired Jeffery Skilling, who dealt with asset and liability management, as a consultant to co... ...of the largest accounting firms in America, in charge of auditing Enron then became involved, and destroyed any of Enrons documents that could prove that they were breaking the law. Consequences and ConclusionIn the end, Enron could not keep itself afloat once it turned to fraud. Shareholders lost $74 billion, thousands of employees and investors lost their retirement accounts, and many employees lost their jobs. Lives were ruined. Lay died before serving time. Skilling got 24 years in prison. Fastow agreed to become a n informant and therefore got less time in prison. The company filed for bankruptcy. Arthur Andersen was found guilty of falsifying Enrons account and destroying evidence, and the firm failed. People still talk about the Enron scandal today, and accounting practices are now held to a higher standard in order to avoid a catastrophe like this again.