Thomas Hardys The Sons Veto, Graham Greenes The Basement Room and al

Thomas Hardys The Sons Veto, Graham Greenes The Basement Room and alan Sillitoes Uncle ErnestIn individually of the three stories, The Sons Veto by Thomas Hardy, TheBasement Room by Graham Green and Uncle Ernest by Alan Silitoe, therespective writer conveys a sense of isolation regarding the centralcharacter. There are numerous similarities between the charactersbased on their common plight, but each story differs in the portrayalof these characters. The writers effectively present the charactersusing a varying range of literary styles. In The Sons Veto thedisabled Sophy is denied happiness from not readjustment in to a highersocial class. Graham Green in The Basement Room employs a surrealsituation to demonstrate the vulnerability and naiveity of youth.Uncle Ernest is a story, which adopts a dreary approach to Ernestslife.The opening descriptions of the three characters are very effectiveand induce stereotypical views. This applies to Ernest especially inUncle Ernest as we first hear of him wear a dirty raincoat andlooking as though he hadnt washed for a month. These observationsimply that Ernest is homeless and the use of dirty go on emphasizethe fact that something is wrong in his life. Sophy also stands outfrom everyone else in The Sons Veto but for different reasons toErnest. Hardy creates Sophys character to be misplaced in society, asshe is a young invalid lady and single-foot chair bound. In contrast tothis her nut brown hair was a wonder and a conundrum. Her hair is usedto make reference to her history suggesting a mysterious and darkbackground yet its vibrancy allowed her to maintain a part of hercharacter. The wheel chair depicts isolation espe... ...he war. The reader is overwhelmed withsympathy for Ernest, as nothing ever seems to result in happiness forhim.Our sympathies lie with all three characters as their isolation hasbeen conveyed to the reader effectively by each author. Philipsloneliness is a result of a troubled up bringing which l eaves himmentally scared for life. Sophy and Ernest on the different hand aresimilar to each other and unlike Philip. They both induce a sense ofhelplessness in the reader after a life of persistent disappointmentdenies them from any guess of happiness. It becomes almost inevitablethat Ernest and Sophy would end up completely isolated as eventsthroughout the stories favor this outcome. On the other hand Philipssituation is different, he is portrayed as a very vulnerable characterand its as if he is prevented from ever having a chance to live alife.

The Role of Genetics in Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disea

The Role of Genetics in Alzheimers DiseaseThe call came at 905 p.m. on January 20, 2004. mom had just finished telling the news about the filles grandfather. He had Alzheimers Disease and was not doing well at all. The ruling was that he probably would not make for it through the night. She knew exactly what the news was the moment her mom said, No. After the news came, the decision was made they would leave the next day to attend the funeral. This girl began wondering, If grandpa had Alzheimers do I have a chance of getting it too? What can I do to avoid getting it? He suffered so much, I dont want to go through that. What if a persons genetics have something to do with whether or not they will get Alzheimers? What atomic number 18 possible ways to prevent the onset of Alzheimers disease? Genetics might have something to do with whether or not one will get Alzheimers but their chances of avoiding the disease are better if they take care of themselves. Let us start with some gen eral history and facts and then proceed to the specifics. Alzheimers Disease (AD) is named after a German doctor, Alois Alzheimer. He discovered the disease in 1906, while doing an autopsy on a woman who had died from an unusual mental illness. Dr. Alzheimer noted unique changes in the consciousness tissue (U.S 1995). His findings included clumps, which are also known as plaques, and tangled fibers, also called neurofibrillary tangles. These findings have become hallmarks of AD (U.S. 1995). AD is now considered the most normal form of dementia (Travis). Researchers from New York State did autopsies on 87 people who were seen at a dementia clinic to find out if any of them showed signs of a cerebrovascular disease. They all did and 87% of them also ... ...1 December 2003). Alzheimers in the Family. Time. P 86-87National Institute of Aging. (2002). Alzheimers Disease Unraveling the Mystery. National Institute of Mental Health (1994). Alzheimers Disease ex of the Brain. P. 12-13. N ational Institute of Health.Nolan KA, Lino MM, Seligmann AW, et al. (August 1998). Alzheimers may play a Greater role in vascular dementia. Geriatrics. V. 53 Issue 8, p81, 2p.Shenk, D. (2001). The Forgetting Alzheimers Portrait of an Epidemic. New York Doubleday. Travis, J. (20 September, 2003). A surprise Role For Alzheimers Proteins? Science News. V.152, Issue 12, p182, 2pU.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1995). Alzheimers Disease. National Institutes of Health.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1997). Alzheimers Disease Genetics. National Institutes of Health

Formalistic Reading of Sens New York Times :: Sudeep Sen

Sudeep Sens brisk York Times basically deals with a strong sense of conduct in New York. This poem consists of thirty lines altogether in six stanzas, portraiture a clear description of unitarys every twenty- quaternary hours life at a fast pace in the prototypical four stanzas and gradually mellows down to a long-play motion, where reflection manages to take place. From the first sentence itself, Every morning in relentless hurry, I scurry/ there is the sense of hurriedness and swiftness as if I is in a rat race. Scurry is normally associated with rats, always scamper and in a rush all the time. Readers have a prominent image of the fast pull downts that argon happening to the persona. This can be witnessed through the spilled coffee indicating the lack of time to even stop for a sip of subscribe or breakfast. In New York, time does not stand still. Since every moment passes in a fast manner, the persona doesnt even brighten its lunch time, and then,/ even ing, late,/ macrocosm herded home mechanically as if he has lost control of his own life. Besides the dictions chosen, Sen uses less punctuation in separately line of the first four stanzas to represent the quickness and the rapidity of the persona in the midst of New York City. Sen also utilises the idea of illusion in his dictions to express the speed of the people in this city. This can be seen in line 17, where walking means/ running, driving means speeding,/ and since time passes in a newsflash of an eye, persona couldnt even remember the days in the weekend as Sen states in line 14 17, In this city, I/ count the exit of time only by weekends/ linked by five-day flashes I dont/ even remember. Everybody seems to be speeding in the subway of mute faces/. existence busy in the city, has transform people to be so automated, mechanical person with their mute faces, no one cares to say hi to each another(prenominal) or even to make a face to the person sitting next to you.H owever, in the last line of the fourth stanza, But somewhere, somehow, times takes its toll,/ is seen as the turning intimate in this poem. This sentence is depicting the reflection as if the persona stops to think for a moment.Formalistic Reading of Sens New York Times Sudeep Sen Sudeep Sens New York Times basically deals with a strong sense of life in New York. This poem consists of thirty lines altogether in six stanzas, depicting a clear description of ones every day life at a fast pace in the first four stanzas and gradually mellows down to a slower motion, where reflection manages to take place. From the first sentence itself, Every morning in relentless hurry, I scurry/ there is the sense of hurriedness and swiftness as if I is in a rat race. Scurry is normally associated with rats, always scamper and in a rush all the time. Readers have a dramatic image of the fast events that are happening to the persona. This can be witnessed through the spilled coffee i ndicating the lack of time to even stop for a sip of drink or breakfast. In New York, time does not stand still. Since every moment passes in a fast manner, the persona doesnt even realise its lunch time, and then,/ evening, late,/ being herded home mechanically as if he has lost control of his own life. Besides the dictions chosen, Sen uses less punctuation in each line of the first four stanzas to represent the quickness and the rapidity of the persona in the midst of New York City. Sen also utilises the idea of illusion in his dictions to indicate the speed of the people in this city. This can be seen in line 17, where walking means/ running, driving means speeding,/ and since time passes in a wink of an eye, persona couldnt even remember the days in the weekend as Sen states in line 14 17, In this city, I/ count the passage of time only by weekends/ linked by five-day flashes I dont/ even remember. Everybody seems to be speeding in the subway of mute faces/. Being busy in the city, has transformed people to be so automated, mechanical person with their mute faces, no one cares to say hi to each other or even to smile to the person sitting next to you.However, in the last line of the fourth stanza, But somewhere, somehow, times takes its toll,/ is seen as the turning point in this poem. This sentence is depicting the reflection as if the persona stops to think for a moment.

Essay --

Studies on the presence of jealousy in romantic affinitys have been increasingly polarized, with some researchers believe jealousy as a destructive force in the care of relationships while others view it as a positive measure of commitment (Ammon, 2004). attached with rejection, jealousy is defined as a combination of feelings, thoughts and actions that arise following a real or perceived threat to ones relationship (Ammon, 2004). Sexual jealousy evocation stimulates angry impulses and approach behaviours that function to maintain ones relationship by disrupting affiliations between ones coadjutor and a perceived or real foe (Harmin-Jones, Peterson, & Harris, 2009). Harmon-Jones et al. (2009) designed a controlled and ethically sound method to arouse jealousy in the lab and key the pattern of neural activity that is elicited when an individual actively experiences jealousy. Participants took part in a computer-generated ball-tossing game in which individuals were required to c hoose a colleague from an assembly of photos and following the first 2 min of the game, half of the participants were ostracized by their chosen partner (the partner failed to toss the ball to them). The study found that when participants were jilted (especially by the opposite-sex partner) jealousy (feelings of anger) was induced. Additionally, it was found that the experience of jealousy (and anger) was linked to greater activation of the left frontal lobe. This study was successful in highlighting the contextual process of jealousy evocation in budding relationships (in this case, through ostracism) and also paved the way for more complex research on the role of jealousy in the maintenance of a variety of romantic relationships.As su... ...tners might view other, more attractive alternatives more favourably (absence of perceived superiority) which would provide them with two intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to move on. Additionally, this study can also provide extension int o the understanding of partner abuse, which is twice as likely in on-off relationships (Moses, 2013). When difficulties arise in on-off relationships, couples lack the behaviours and social skills to diffuse conflict which then aggregates the issue into various forms of abuse (Moses, 2013). With an understanding of the positive influences of negative relational maintenance behaviours, it would be beneficial to use the knowledge from the hypothesized results to educate couples to erase negative connotations surrounding behaviours such as jealousy and manage them in ways that would modify and overcome relationship struggles.

The Blooding :: essays papers

The BloodingAs centeral as the environmentalist issue is to the&lsquo blooding&rsquois more about a boys painful search for identity.Col&rsquos search for his own identity is a bigger issue it the bloodingas he is a genuinely confused teenage boy, who is torn between the communityof Cornwall and the greenies.Col was brought up being very protected by his mother. As Col was broughtup his mother do sure he had the best of everything. She would knit himall his clothes, like the city children wore and this made him anoutsider as the other children in Cornwall would tease him for hisclothing, his mother, as she is Irish and a Catholic who goes to church.Col came from a family which was normal for the community of Cornwall.His father worked as a tree logger and in the mill, as his father had andhis father had and so on. Col had been horn in hope that he would followhis family hoof it steps and keep the tradition in the family going, byworking in the mill.Col lead a double life - with th e gang and the forest. Col would go intothe forest and would stay in a special which was called The Palace forhours. His grandfather has shown him this special place in the forest.This Palace was the originally place of the settlement, that Col&rsquos ample grand father had been at until a land slide had landed on his greatgrandfather. The settlement people them moved on, to a new place, whichis Cornwall. Which he had visited nearly every day. This also made Col anoutsider to the rest of the kids in Cornwall.The thing that transformed Col from an outsider was when he had a interlockingwith Scott (who was the best fighter), and he won the fight. A coppercalled Golden Gloves, who is the best fighter in Cornwall then asked Colif he wanted him to train him. by and by the fight Col was accepted by the other boys and was no longer anoutsider but a friend on the other kids in Cornwall. past the greenies arrived to Cornwall, challenging the mills and thelogging of the forest. Col has mixed emotions towards this issue.&lsquoAnyway I thought the old was right about the greenies, but I secretly concur with the greenies about the trees&rsquo. (p.7) This quote showshow Col is confused about what he thinks and wants to think what otherpeople do, but he know that he thinks differently. Col does not want to

The Blooding :: essays papers

The BloodingAs centeral as the environmentalist issue is to the&lsquo blooding&rsquois more about a boys painful search for identity. break&rsquos search for his own identity is a bigger issue it the bloodingas he is a very confused teen boy, who is torn between the communityof Cornwall and the greenies.Col was brought up being very protected by his m other(a). As Col was broughtup his mother made reliable he had the best of everything. She would knit himall his clothes, like the city children wore and this made him an foreigner as the other children in Cornwall would tease him for hisclothing, his mother, as she is Irish and a Catholic who goes to church.Col came from a family which was normal for the community of Cornwall.His father worked as a tree logger and in the mill, as his father had andhis father had and so on. Col had been horn in hope that he would followhis family foot steps and keep the tradition in the family going, byworking in the mill.Col lead a double life - with the gang and the forest. Col would go intothe forest and would stay in a exceptional which was called The Palace forhours. His grandfather has shown him this special place in the forest.This Palace was the originally place of the settlement, that Col&rsquosgreat grand father had been at until a land slide had landed on his greatgrandfather. The settlement people them moved on, to a new place, whichis Cornwall. Which he had visited nearly every day. This also made Col anoutsider to the rest of the kids in Cornwall.The thing that transformed Col from an outsider was when he had a fightwith Scott (who was the best genius), and he won the fight. A coppercalled Golden Gloves, who is the best fighter in Cornwall then asked Colif he wanted him to train him.After the fight Col was accepted by the other boys and was no longer anoutsider but a friend on the other kids in Cornwall.Then the greenies arrived to Cornwall, challenging the mills and thelogging of the forest. Col has mixed emotio ns towards this issue.&lsquoAnyway I notion the old was right about the greenies, but I secretlyagreed with the greenies about the trees&rsquo. (p.7) This quote showshow Col is confused about what he thinks and wants to think what otherpeople do, but he know that he thinks differently. Col does not want to

Future of English

Future of position as a global actors line A style achieves a unfeignedly global status when it develops a special cutting that is recognized in every farming (Crystal 1997). In the 21st century, incline is increasingly becoming the dominant language in global communication. However, the question of where the future of English lies remains un opened. Will English in the future increase in popularity or should we wed a better alternative? English is undoubtedly one of the most influential languages in the world as more and more people use English as their official or second language.It has been given a variety of labels to represent its popularity. However, social inequalities and injustices have also emerged in the same process, uncover the controversial role English has had internationally. In enounce to critically examine the future of English as a global language this essay leave behind discuss the following topics in this literature review. 1. Rise of English Worl d-wide 2. English as the language of intelligence and Technology 3. English language teaching world-wide The shape of English speakers in the world has increased at an astonishing rate throughout the last few centuries.According to Crystal he states that by 1983, the public figure of people speaking English as an official language was over 1,400 million world wide. Moreover in India and its subcontinent, the English language has an official standing. In the late 1990s the number of English speaking citizens in China was approximately 220 million. The Olympics provided the motivation for an increase to double these numbers. English has brought benefits, social inequalities and injustices. It remains shady as to whether or not English would remain a global standard language.Tsuda discuss how the political and cultural neutrality of the common language utilise internationally is extremely important and is required within the English language. By incorporating English into whatsoe ver society, countries are able to have some share of the globalisation benefits but this necessitates the force of implementing English. If this way is adopted, the independence and uniqueness of other cultures allow for diminish because of one language dominating other ways worldwide and homogenize them into a Western and more particularly an American way of life.Esperanto has been suggested by Tsuda is a language that could be used for the purpose of an equal communication. The Esperanto movement has its school of thought as peace. The author questions whether English has a similar philosophy. THE RISE OF ENGLISH WORLDWIDE English has undoubtedly dominated other languages in the bygone 20 years. How it came to be so is another story altogether, although some stress it on historical or political spurs while others believe that modern-day socio-economic and scientific motivations led to its popularity.However in my opinion and with some research it is believed that the populari ty of English began by the end of World War II. The completely major industrialized clownish unaffected by war was the United States. The United States rapidly began working on scientific discoveries, such(prenominal) as the reading processing system, this led to an increase in sub of instruction globally, by design English became the source language for storage of information and its retrieval. The United States spent 40 years, after the war, working on lay up research universities, research and using departments, economic stability and computer ne twainrking.Hence becoming the supreme user of information technology as thoroughly as its biggest contributor. When you contribute towards something you pull downtually become its manager, similarly the United States began managing information such as its categorization, storage as hearty as operating languages and computer system designs. And the all medium it knew best to manage was in the programmers natural language i. e. English. So now English not only became the global language of Science but also ecame the global language of Information Technology. The position of English as a dominant language in areas of science and Technology is now quiet secure since most of the modern-day information assemblage are English based. English as the language of Science and Technology Over the last 20 years, the dispel of English has been enormous. Developing Countries desires for economic development, their need for information penetration and transfer of technology have been the primordial catalyst behind this dominance.Although some might see this dominance as a negative impact that will not last for long, in Baileys 1983 oblige he states People bent on imposing their ways on others have no difficulty in contriving controversys to justify their doing so. The historical and present-day spread of English is no exception to that principle. Also The hegemony of English that has steadily grown with the increas e in global communication is now beginning to diminish and will shrink further in the immediate futureAlthough such a notion puts forward that English does represent part hegemony, it is the sort of hegemony that will not fade away or diminish in the near future due to some revolution but if it does it will not be as most have expect. However if evidence to date is considered, English is far from being diminished, it is now more than ever still expanding and continuing to secure its role as a global language hence further emphasizing the immensity of English in our modern day lives.It should be made clear that any country that wishes to modernize itself and grow in the areas of science and technology and eventually com pete in global markets cannot show a resistance towards English. It is lordly for any country wishing to make its place in the world for any form of trade to communicate in English. Such will be the case until a time comes in the future when other languages are able to provide access to larger information and better technological development, or until a computers ability is developed to such an extent that it becomes independent of any specific natural language.Many have termed this statement as an argument for English for Science and Technology (EST) instruction. Of late Garfield (1987) pointed out that 88% of articles present in the Science Citation Index were in English, and from 1978 till 1982 data indicates that this development has been quiet consistent. He further adds that if citation data is to be considered then the dominance of English is seen at large. Around 96% of all citations, from 1978 to 1982, present in the index journal are written in English.Garfield also surveyed that most countries that had an option to publish in their language or a foreign language often chose to publish in English as frequently as in their own language. For example according to Garfields research, from 1978 to 1982, the Japanese Scientists cited their own publications 3 times as much as their Japanese publications. While according to Swinburne (1983) the French scientists cited their publications in English four times as much as their French publications.In the same way the Russian Scientists cited their publications quiet often in English as well. All this suggests that even those countries that value their natural language more are now giving a lot of importance to the use of English as a global language as well as a medium for scientific progression. The major reason behind this acceptance of English is due to the fact that 80 to 85% of all information stored in a computerized data bases around the world are written in either English or in some way oblivious in English. (Kaplan 1980-1982) and (McCrum et al 1986)English is not only the language for Technology but now is widely being used in Medical publications, in a study by Maher(1986) it is pointed out that from 1966 to 1980 a 19% increase in use of English in medical publ ications can been seen, from 53% to 72% respectively. In more recent research Maher shows that, with Japan being an exception, there is an incline towards the trend in general rather than a decline. English is undoubtedly the prevailing and widely used language of Science and Technology. Therefore it must(prenominal) be understood that for any country to ecome modernize and industrialize and technologically competitive, it is imperative that they access or use information that has been written in English. In the past 20 years the exponential growth in publications, the need for even faster retrieval and access of information and the stark demands generated by private multinational corporations and government industries have created a competition amongst countries to an extent that the only access to information they have, technological or otherwise is basically in English.So any public or private modern day business or industries wanting to compete in the global markets and magnify their production need to have access to some form of information, latest researches and technological applications. And in order to utilize the research, applications or information the managers or administrators must be able to use English because English will be the language used to make headway information out of a system. This competition and the need for latest information make the position of English as a global language starchy and steadfast for years to come.According to Forey & Nunan Hong Kong is a major international trading, business, banking, and communications center, and English is seen as a key to maintaining its position in these areas. (Forey & Nunan, 2002) ENGLISH nomenclature TEACHING WORLDWIDE In extension to the above rationale that English is the language of Science, it wont be wrong to say that wheresoever a need exists English is to be taught. Over the past 20 years this awareness has grown world-wide and more and more countries are giving English a great deal of importance in their school curriculum.Although the level of English being taught and the measures to be taken for its proper learning is a disparate issue altogether. Asian countries like China, Honk Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Philippines and Malaysia have added English language in their school curriculum at an early age, with teaching time ranging from stripped-down 4 hours a week to maximum 50 hours a week. Also a shift in the age at which English is taught is seen, from secondary classes to essential classes.It should be made clear that not all citizens of a country need to understand English, although in doing so they are denying themselves the access to the enormous information available world-wide. Even a country like Japan that holds a strong resistance towards English has introduced the language at high school level. English in China is in some way considered or has become the language for the elite those who are unable to learn proper English in schools and have a sou nd family background begin taking private tuitions in order to learn English.This introduction of English in schools at such primary level, as well as the steps various governments have taken to ensure its proper learning of the language simply shows the dominance and importance of English world-wide. CONCLUSION To draw a conclusion that English is indeed a global language and will likely remain one in the near future seems reasonable. English plays a vital role is areas of information retrieval and its access, as well as in Science and Technology. Any country wishing to explore or expand in these areas will need to understand English.Although coming to such a conclusion is not as easy as it may seem, there are many complex issues at stake here but nevertheless, in light of the evidence provided in this physical composition it will not be wrong to say that English has clearly achieved world dominance and will continue to maintain its position not only as the language for Science a nd technology but also as world language in general. As Kaplan (1983b) has noted in an editorial in Science It seems reasonable to assert, however difficult it may be to accept, that knowledge of a world language, especially English, is essential to the welfare of the new nations . . rising nations must find a balance between the cultivation of indigenous culture-rich language and the need for a world language . . . Any other course is tantamount(predicate) to restricting their capability for modernization. Reference List ? Bailey, R. W. (1983) Literacy in English an international perspective. In Literacy for Life. Edited by R. W. Bailey and R. Fosheim. New York MLA. pp. 30-44. ? Crystal, D. (1997). English as a global language. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ? Crystal, D. (2000). Language death. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Curriculum Development Council. (1999). Syllabuses for secondary schools Englishlanguage (Secondary 15). Hong Kong, extra Administrative Reg ion, China Hong Kong Education Department. ? Education Commission. (1990). Education commission report number 4. Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China Hong Kong Education Department. ? Forey, G. , & Nunan, D. (2002). The role of language and culture within the accountancy workforce. In C. Barron, N. Bruce, & D. Nunan (Eds. ), Knowledge and discourse Towards an ecology of language.London Longman/Pearson. ? Garfield, E. (1987) English utter here. The Scientist, 1, 9 (7 September). ? Graddol, D. (1997). The future of English. London British Council. ? Kaplan, R. B. (1980) A language-planning rationale for English for special purposes. In Language Policy and Language Teaching Essays in pay back of Clifford H. Prator. Edited by J. Povey. Culver City, CA ELS. pp. 53-64. ? Kaplan, R. B. (1982) Information science and ESP. Paper presented at the 16th Annual TESOL Convention, Honolulu, HI, May 1982. Kaplan, R. B. (1983b) Language and science policies of new nations. (Editorial) S cience, 221,4614 (2 September). ? McCrum, R. , Cran, W. and MacNeil. R. (1986) The Story of English. New York Viking. ? Maher, J. (1986) The development of English as an international langiage of m&ine. Applied Linguistics, 7, 206-218. ? Swinburne, J. (1983) Information use and transfer by British and French scientists a study of two groups. Journal of information science 6, 75-80 2010

History – Martin Luther King

Martin Luther barons Jr. was a man of great ambition. He had a dream of granting civil rights to colored people eliminating poverty and war and doing this all non-violently. Kings utter passion significantly helped him achieve his dream. On the journey to reaching his goal, and afterwards King accomplished many of the heroic archetypes. Therefore, one can consider Martin Luther King Jr. an archetypal hero. Segregation is the separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. Which then between the 1950s and 1960s black Americans had their time of suffering.In which the white people believed that separating white people from black people would change a lot of things. Racial tensions had escalated and demonstrations s healthfuled for voting rights and school integration. In 1955 Martin Luther King became the leader in the Montgomery bus. The Community chose King to lead the boycott because the juvenile minister was new to Montgomery and the city fathers had not had time to intim idate him. The protesters did a march down miles of roads for their intended to oppose the citys policy of racial segregation on its public transit system.Fighting for what they think is right taken them about 381 days they fought hard until they get what they started. The Montgomery bus boycott became really violent, so they fought very hard in the court. On November the 13th, after a year of blood, sweat and tears gone. The U. S Supreme Court ruled in favour, of the blacks and segregated buses were decl atomic number 18d unconstitutional. The Montgomery bus Boycott was finally over. The boycott was a success because they all protested until everyone had enough. They never gave up on what they fought was right. Most burning(prenominal) was when the Negros had enough and they wanted their rights back.As they protested and done other things they had many supports. The problem of this was the civil rights movement in the United States it was a long primarily nonviolent difference t o bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The movement has had a lasting impact on the United Sates Society. The Negros wanted to tug for their rights back because in many cities and towns, African-Americans were not allowed to sh atomic number 18 a taxi with whites or enter a building through the very(prenominal) entrance, and they thought well that is one selfish thing.They wanted the whites to accept them and be treated equally, by not their skin colour but the way that God created them. They thought that everyone is the same in different kind of way, We all are human beings and all consider something in common. The Negros done lots of Protest and finally, thats when Martin Luther King stood out and said what he thought was right for the world but mostly United State. King toured the country making speeches and urging to a greater extent and more people to get involved in the civil rights movement .And as a result they finally got what they called rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed because of Pressure by the civil rights movement. It was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson. He said that Every American citizen must have an equal right to vote. The Civil Rights Act was passed away because of the votes they got were unspeakable. Seventy part said that it should be passed way and the thirsty percent said that it shouldnt. As the vote was taken in and final, they could not do anything about it and it was officially passed.It meant so much to the black people because like a shot the Freedom Riders and the black and white people would travel around in buses to test if the new law would work. And that now they can make a difference Then in 1965 the voting rights act was passed as well because of the civil rights movement. The Voting Rights Act was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson as well. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices th at had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S. When Johnson agreed to sign the paper the black people knew that they were closer each day to success. It meant a lot them this because it was a day to remember that they are finally getting respect from the whites. But as everything was going well, there were still failures for the Civil Rights Movement too. The Civil Rights Movement had many failures as do all social movements. But its strengths outweighed the mistakes it made and its legacy as a whole is a positive one. Businesses owned by people of colour are still denied equal access to markets, financing, and capital.Centuries of economic deprivation, and the problems stemming from it, remain largely un- addressed. But it still was alright because Movement was still a success. In Conclusion, the changes that were made in the civil rights movement has really helped America and leaded them to a place where they can find peace. And for the Civil rights Groups, there is so much that people have to say and so much that we still need to learn from you. They were very successful because they were the freedom fighter and they were the ones who believed and never gave up.

Case Review

CASE THO YOW PEW & ANOR V CHUA KOOI HEAN MATERIAL point The plaintiffs in this typesetters chance were the elder and younger brother of Dr. Tho Yow Cheong (the deceased) who died testate on 5 December 1996. They were the executors and trustees of the will executed by the deceased which go out on 20 October 1995. On 16 June 1997, the plaintiffs applied to the High Court of Kuala Lumpur by way of petition for a grant of put off of the burst tongue to will.The suspect who was the wife of the deceased however then entered a caveat with the Registry on 10 July 1997 in order to prevent the grant of prorogue to the plaintiffs without the defendant being given notice. On 21 October 1997, the plaintiffs commenced this probate action against the defendant praying to the court to decree probate of the said will in solemn recoil of law. The defendant then counterclaim seeking a declaration that the said will is null and void and prayed that she be grated letters of administration to th e estate of the said deceased.ISSUES 1. Whether deceased had requisite testamentary capacity to execute will 2. Whether suspicion satisfactory discharged by the party propounding the will 3. Whether the will valid 4. Whether probate should be granted HELD Plaintiffs claim dismissed with cost and defendants counterclaim allowed with cost REASON FOR JUDGMENT 1. The burden of proving the deceased had the requisite testamentary capacity laid with the parties propounding the will, which were the plaintiffs in this instance. 2.The deceased suffered from nose gougecer and was heavily dependent on a steroid drug called dexamethasone to obtain informality from its resultant pains and discomfort. Dexamethasone used long term can give rise to several physical and psychiatric side depicted objects. There is withal doubt that the deceased who experienced weakness of his limbs and muscles with reduced motor function could have typed the will in question. 3. The plaintiffs did not impress as having done what they did for the offbeat and interest of the deceased.On the other hand, the defendant impressed as being a truthful witness. Her evidence was accepted as being the true version of the events that transpired. It was unambiguous that the plaintiffs had not satisfactorily discharged the suspicion raised. RATIO DECIDENDI 1. Dr Shanmuganathan v. Periasamy Sithambaram Pillai 1997 2 CLJ 153 * it was emphasised that where there are suspicious circumstances lurking behind the execution of the will, the onus is on the party propounding the will, to drive, by way of explanations such suspicious circumstances. . Foo Fio Na v. Hospital Assunta & Anor 1999 8 CLJ 184 * I am of the view that a doctor could not give any opinion what more an expert opinion as to the injury of any person without seeing and examining that person and also in the present case without seeing the x-rays of that person. 3. Tyrrell v. Painton 1894 P 151 * The rule in Barry v. Butlin 2 Moo PC 480, Fulton v. Andrew LR 7 HL 448 and Brown v.Fisher 63 LT 456, is not, in my opinion, confined to the single case in which a will is prepared by or on the instructions of the person taking large benefits under it, but extends to all cases in which circumstances exist which excite the suspicion of the Court and wherever such circumstances exist and whatever their nature may be, it is for those who propound the will to remove such suspicions, and to prove affirmatively that the testator knew and approved of the contents of the document, and it is only where this is done that the onus is thrown on these who oppose the will to prove fraud or undue influence, or whatever else they rely on to displace the case made for proving the will. 4. Udham Singh v. Indar Kaur 1971 2 MLJ 263 * It is trite law that the burden of proving that the deceased had the requisite testamentary capacity whilst executing the will lies with the party propounding the will. COMMENT In this case, the burden to prove at the ti me of executing the will the deceased was in laborious mind, memory and understanding position lies with the plaintiffs since they are the one who propounding the will. However the laintiffs failed to prove that the deceased was in that capability to execute the will. This is because there was evidence that the deceased was low from the side effects of the drugs taken by him in order to cure the pain that he suffered. The deceased was found euphoric, had muscle weakness and suffered from psychiatric effect of the drug, thus it is impossible for the deceased to type the will. In addition, the deceased also suffered hemiparesis which according to the expert, the strength of the deceased body was less which mean he can only write slowly and not type. A perusal of the will shows that it was type and the plaintiffs failed to prove who actually prepared the will.The suspicion raised in this case was not satisfactorily discharged by the plaintiffs when they failed to give all the needed prove such as whether the will was read to the deceased. The deceased was right turn over and suffered hemiparesis which unable him to type the will. The love of the deceased to the defendant also cannot be denied by the conversation of the deceased with her daughter however the psychiatric problem that he suffered as the side effect of the drug taken had made him to show the contravention. The statements given by the witnesses of the plaintiffs also doubtful, thus it is concluded that the will was invalid and the probate should not be granted.

Moonfleet

Boy and Man Convicted of Stealing hind end Trenchard and Elzevir Block, tricked into jail by false honesty By Sierra Volpe John Trenchard, now 29 years of age, was sentenced to jail for life when he was tricked into false identity a coherent with Elzevir Block, now dead. According to Sir Aldobrand, old merchant, John and Elzevir were attempting to steal a very gracious diamond that John claimed to be his.Now, what we bring out was a behind the scenes exclusive. John and Elzevir went on a great, long heroic journey in order to find Blackbeards treasure. They went from being wanted of false murder, to being rich with Blackbeards, said to be cursed, diamond, then to being wanted again and sentenced to life. Fifteen to fourteen years ago, John was at Elzevirs side while he was about to kill Magistrate Maskew on the undercliff of Moonfleet Bay.A few gun shots went off and Maskew got shot in head and John got shot in the foot which caused a break in his leg, forcing him through tough st ruggles like trying to walk up the Zig-Zag, being disguised as sailors to get to England and to Sir Aldorand, and stayed in the cave where they found kind of a clue of how to get to their next destination the castle.According to my research it was said that John was being carried down the well in the castle and on the button 80 feet into the well they found the cursed diamond. So I just proved to you, with all the imformation from Detective Lucas, that John and Elzevir were NOT guilty. Aldobrand clearly lied and tricked the attempt into sentencing them to jail just so he could have the diamond all to himself.

Contracts Practice Exam

bob v. Alex Was there an Offer from Alex to sorrel on February 1st ? An offer is an outward manifestation of intent to be hold in by contractual agreement requiring definite and certain terms that are communicated to the offeree. dockage will assert that when Alex mailed him a garner offering him Oceanhaven for the May-June age that Alex did this act with a present contractual intent in mind. Further, the facts stipulate that Alex identified the terms as aforesaid(prenominal) terms as last socio-economic class which implies both parties are aware of the terms.Lastly, given that Alex asked curtsey to respond within a week, implies that he sent Bob an offer to lease Oceanhaven for the season. Was there an substantiative abrogation of the offer on February quaternate? The knowledge by an offeree from a reliable source that offeror can not perform. It requires acts inconsistent with the contract. The facts assert that Bob learned about Oceanhaven no longer being available on February 4th. Further, Bob heard this information from his real e put up agent. Since his real estate agent is probably in the business of knowing what properties are available for season rentals, this appears to be a reliable source.Moreover, the news the real estate individual dual-lane was that Oceanhaven was rented to someone else for 6 months, utile March 1st. Accordinly, Oceanhaven would no longer be available from May through June. Because of this, the offeror can no longer perform. Lastly, since the person who is renting Oceanhave is not affiliated with Bob, it is reasonable to say that the acts are inconsistent with the terms of the offer. Did Bob accept Alexs offer on February 5th? An espousal is an unequivocal assent to the terms of the offer. A bilateral contract requires a return promise while a unilateral contract requires complete performance.According to the facts, Bob wrote Alex on February 5th stating Ill take Oceanhaven per your leeter of February 1st. Being that Bob accepted Alexs terms as-is, Bob unequivocally assented. Further, given that to the terms of the offer were same as last year, it is reasonable that Bob was aware of the terms of the agreement. Should the court determine that Alex did not have an indirect revocation on February 4th, Bobs word meaning is valid because he wrote back within a week, as per the terms of the offer. Bob v. tomcat Was there an offer from Tom to Bob on February 2nd?See supra Here, the facts show that Bob visited the Shores to inquire about homes for rent for one season. Further, Tom, the caretaker of the Shores, showed Bob both the Yellowhouse and glasshouse as homes that would be available for Bob to select from. Lastly, Tom mailed Bob a letter stating he had confirmed all terms with the owner of the home, Dave. Because of Bobs actions of touring the Shores and because of Toms actions of confirming the terms of contract with the homeowner before mailing the letter, both parties had a clear and pr esent intent to form a contract.Next, Bob will assert that the terms were definite because Tom had stated he already confirmed them with Dave and that the terms were Yellowhouse at $5,000, or Greenhouse at $2,000 for the May through June season, all services included, payable in equal monthly installments. Since the price was stipulate, the length of the contract was identified, and the item being considered for rent was specified either the yellowhouse of the Greenhouse. Accordingly, the terms were definite for both parties. Lastly, Tom mailed the letter to Bob, who authoritative it on February 2nd.Thus, the offer was communicated to the offeree by mail. Was there a counter-offer for Yellowhouse on February 4th? Words of conduct that a reasonable person would understand as a rejection of the terms of the offer. Here, the facts show that bob wrote to Tom on February 4th regarding the yellowhouse and stated, I believe your prices are high. Will you take $4,000 for Yellowhouse? Becau se Bob was trying to affirmatively change the terms as specified by Tom for yellowhouse, Bob rejected Toms offer of the yellowhouse for $5,000 a month.Did Bob accept Toms offer on February 4th for Greenhouse? See Supra Acceptance is effective upon dispatch. The minority rule is acceptance effective upon receipt. Further, in his response to Tom, Bobs letter stated If not, then Ill have to settle for Greenhouse, and I agree to the $2,000 you ask. Because Bob unequivocally assented to the terms of the contract, and since the terms were definite, $2,000 a month for the months of May through June, Bob accepted the offer. Finally, Bob mailed the acceptance letter on February 4th, just two days after he received the offer from Tom.Since Tom initiated the offer via the mail, the acceptance now falls under the call box rule. The majority views acceptance upon dispatch while the minority views acceptance upon receipt. Was there valid consideration for the Greenhouse contract? That which is bargained for and given in exchange for a specified returned promise. Here, the facts show that Tom, an employee of The Shores, had confirmed the prices for both Greenhouse and Yellowhouse. For $5k a month, Bob would be able to rent Yellowhouse in the midst of the months of May through June or, Greenhouse for $2k a month between the months of May through June.Since money is a valid item used for bargaining, there was a bargained for exchange. Further, Bob promised to rent Greenhouse between the months of May through June and since he was not already obligated to this promise, he was privileged to enter into the consideration. Was there a valid revocation of the contract for Greenhouse on February 5th? An offeror may expressly revoke an offer as long as it is communicated to an offeree prior to a timely acceptance. It is effective upon receipt.Here, the facts state that Bob received a letter from Tom on February 5th stating, our deal is off. Since the terms are clear that Alex no l onger wishes to take over in the contract, it is decisively determined upon the mailbox rule. Given that Bob mailed his acceptance on February 4th, the majority has the acceptance effective upon dispatch. Thus, if Bob is in a jurisdiction that follows the majority, there was not a valid revocation because the revocation was received after the acceptance. However, in jurisdictions following the minority, acceptance is valid upon receipt.Given that Tom received Bobs acceptance in the mail on February 5th, in the minority, Bobs acceptance did not occur until February 5th. Accordingly, in the minority, in pose for Toms revocation to be effective, it must be received by Bob before Tom received Bob received the acceptance letter. Since Bob received the revocation on February 5th, it can be inferred that Tom mailed the revocation before that date, as such, in the minority, Toms revocation was valid since he had not yet received Bobs acceptance.

Constitutional Assignment

Introduction Interpretation of the Australian organisation has underg one and only(a) significant changes throughout Australias physical compositional tarradiddle. To puzzle off the number of different preliminaryes, this paper will critique the method of constitutional rendition used In Cole v Whitfield (Cole) with reference to the lecture absolutely free and comp are it to the progressive approach in Rowe v Electoral Commissioner (Rowe). For completeness, this paper will outline any other major(ip) branches of version non examined in Cole and Rowe.Then, the discussion will focus on the reasons for regressive as the preferred approach for interpreting the Constitution. Cole v Whitfield interpretive Method and Critique The High Court used originality in its interpretation of component 92 in its brain in Cole v Whitfield . Kirby defines originality as interpreting the constitution by ascertaining what the words misbegott according to the original intentions of the founder s.Mason refer this as internationals (for the theatrical role of this paper, It will be referred as original aspiration In the unanimous decision, the court overruled the view that absolutely free In plane section 92 of the Constitution protected a personal individual right of license In Interstate trade. Rather It means free trade between the states from measures characterized as discriminatory and protectionist. In aiding its interpretation, the court relied on historic materials to assist in determining the pith of section 92 and contextual analysis to further validate their claim.To identify substance of absolutely free, the court broke with customs duty by using Convention draft and debate materials to support their reasoning. The high court state Reference to history may be made For the purpose of Identifying the contemporary meaning of language used, the subject to which that language was directed and the nature and objectives of the movement towards federation from w hich the compact of the Constitution finally emerged.From these historical papers, the court looked at the surrounding circumstances leading up to federation to ascertain whether the purpose of the provision was in line with what they were trying to do and that is to create a federal official scheme that caters for a unified financial framework. From this, the court said the purpose of the section is clear enough To create free trade amongst the Commonwealth and states like and on that point can be no doubt that ass guarantees absolute freedom Room all interstate border duties Nevertheless, one of the major critiques of original Intent Is the ability to Identify the founders Intention. To derive a meaning of the words absolutely free from historical materials predominantly relies on certain assumptions that are inherently flawed, videlicet materials are accurate and intention for unforeseen matters and the lack guidelines to source historical materials. The Convention debates are incomplete and inconclusive. More importantly, it does to include assumptions on how the federal system ought to operate within the coarse law.Griffith CO in Municipal Council of Sydney v The Commonwealth helpfully said of Convention Debates They are no higher than parliamentary debates, and are not to be referred to except for the purpose of seeing what was the subject-matter of discussion, what was the evil to be remedied, and so forth. Additionally, the mass in Work Choice Case ascertained that To pursue the identification of what is said to be the framers intention, much more often than not, is to pursue a mirage.It is a mirage because the inquiry assumes that it is two possible and useful to plan of attack to work out a single collective view about what is now a disputed question of power, but then was not introduce to the minds of those who contributed to the debates. Furthermore, if we assume the Convention Debates are complete, there is no evidence to suggest the framers put in what they intended. The Convention Debate would involve different states coming in concert and agreeing to be regulated under one system of politics.In that process, the states would argue the meaning of he provisions, which power they were prepared to give up and the ones they would sustain post federation. The resultant role would at best be a compromise between their interests and subsequently cannot reflect their true intentions. This is evidenced in the Work Choice Case the majority found the Convention Debates reveal very little about what those who framed the Constitution thought would fall within or outside the power.Even if we were to take it one step further and assume that the framers did expressed what they truly intended, it is near impossible for them to cater for unforeseen matters that arise in an ever changing society. An example is set in Work Choice Case where the court identified that corporations in the economic life of Australia today is radica lly different from the betoken they occupied when the framers were considering legislative powers and that it was impossible to attribute to them some intention about how this legislative power operates in respect of these or other subsequent legal, economic, and social developments.Lastly, the validity of the historical materials is disputable insofar as the lack of deadlines on how these materials ought to be sourced. There is no clear historical procedure or method in place to ascertain framers intention. Little comfort can be derived from getting a genuine intended meaning particularly in assessing which of the sources are relevant and which ones are reliable. This is again demonstrated in the Work Choice Case. This is problematic as differences in historical materials may lead to differences in Judicial views. meaning of the section 92 because it draws on the idea of a federal system this impression is reinforced by the context provided by the surrounding provisions, ass-91 deal with fiscal charges and burdens coming into court in CHI IV of the Constitution which is headed Finance and Trade. The court looked at the provision in context to what the purpose of federation and noted that the meaning of absolutely free has not changed, thus concluded that freedom is to mean free from discriminatory burdens in the protectionist sense between interstate trade and commerce .A major limit in making implications via contextual interpretation is that critique will say that it does not stay true to the text of the constitution. In response o this, it is maintained that the text of the constitution only takes on meaning when it is viewed in the context of the overarching structure and function of the constitution. A more detailed discussion on contextual analyses in discussed in Rowe below.Rowe v Electoral Commissioner (Rowe) In contrast to Cole whereby the whole court unanimously agreed on its interpretation approach, the Judgment in Rowe v Electoral Commissioner provides a range of different constitutional interpretation methods. The French Court has taken on a progressive approach in interpreting the words directly chosen by the community in sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution. Accordingly, it was held certain provisions in the Commonwealth Electoral roleplay 1902 (Act) contravened sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution because the right to vote is democratic and is supported and protected by the constitution .Underpinning their progressivism interpretation of the constitution, the majority resolve relied on the implied meaning from the text of the constitution (contextual approach) based on accepted principles of the Constitution and authority of spring cases. Progressivism (otherwise known as the living tree institutionalism), believes that the court should construe the Constitution so as to bring it into accord with modern needs and exigencies.It is understandable why the French court opted for a progressivism approach because the words chosen for the people back in the sass would only mean those who were allowed to vote (this excluded women and Indigenous Australians) . The evolution of Australias democratic society has significantly changed since 1901 as evidenced by incitation and Jacobs J in Mckinley and cited by French CO that the right to vote was subject to he common understanding of the time.It is of the view of the writer that any other interpretation of methods used here could not possibly embrace the modern view of Australian democracy simply because the framers could not have foreseen how democracy evolved over time. Thus, it is not practical to apply a 1900 federation system to modern day society as evidenced by Dean J in translucent v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd The Constitution must be construed as a living force representing the will and the intentions of all contemporary Australians, both women & men, and not as a lifeless declaration of the will and the intentions of men long since dead. Con textual constitution and the principles it was set up to uphold. With constitutional principles of representative government , democracy and federalism, firmly embedded into our legal system, the Judges relied on implication from the actual text of the Constitution. Thus, chosen by the people should be interpreted to mean creating a system of representative democracy because it is in the context of the Constitution that is aiming to set up .More precisely, the court viewed those words as an implied right to vote. Whilst Cole v Whitfield used contextual analysis, the difference here is with Cole, the implication was based on the structure of the Constitution and in Rowe, the implication was sought directly from the text and that the meaning accords with accepted principles of interpretation. These two kinds of implication are outlined by Mason C. J. In Acts.The majority Judgment relied on precedent to conclude the legislative stifling of the right to vote is constitutionally invali d. All the members of the court relied on the test established in Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Lange) and relied upon in Roach. As stated by the High Court in Lange, the requirement set out in section 7 and 24 embraces all that is necessary to set up the free election of representatives at periodic elections.All of the Judicial consideration of the term directly chosen by the people supports the view that sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution extend to an implied right to vote and this was substantiated by the authority of McKinley v Commonwealth , Mincing v Western Australia , Lang and Roach. It is important to note here, whilst this court relied on the precedent to aid in TTS interpretation, the court in Cole overruled nearly 88 years of law by reinstating the meaning of ass.The dissenting Judges Haynes J and romp J preferred various versions of originality, which is slightly different to Cole v Whitfield internationalist approach. The former (Haynes J) found the evolution of the concept of representative government could not evolve into a constitutional norm as there was no text and structure of it contained in the Constitution and the latter relied on what the words originally mean in the sass that is, the question is what meaning skilled lawyers and other informed observers considered those words to bear in the sass .He concluded that although suffrage at federation did not line up to modern values, this is not a reason to ignore what the means and applications of the word chosen by the people in the federation age were. Is one of these methods of Interpretation pet to any other? For the purpose of completeness, there is another interpretative method that is not discussed above and that is Literalism. Craven describes literalism as interpreting the Constitution by their habitual that is their literal meaning.This is evidenced in the Engineers case whereby the court overturns the reserve state powers doctrine and held that the states only have residual power over matters in section 51 of the Constitution. The obvious advantage of literalism is that it is objective in the sense that Judges does not need to use international materials thus promotes certainty. The fundamental flaw in this approach firstly it ignores implications and secondly, the English language is by its very nature is ambiguous ambiguity can be overcome by using historical materials to determine the framers intentions.The critics will argue that intention is difficult to identify and does not cater for the progression of a nation . It is asserted here that originality and intentionality does have a role in constitutional interpretation albeit a small role. Sir Daryl Dawson in his (Intention and the constitution) states that original intent provides a starting point for the determination of individual cases. Progressivism as defined in Rowe (above) allows the constitution to be interpreted to the needs of a contemporary society.One of the main critic of progressivism is that it is arbitrary even unelected Judges can in the long run state what the contemporary society views is. On a closer examination, this supposition is unfounded. Kirby argues that the constitution itself and the words in it create limits on Judicial interpretation. Furthermore he argues that the common law structure is there with a long history of precedents, which has been Written down.. Expositions been duly recorded.. To make up the great body of common law. That is, the Judges still need to work within the common law system in light of the Judgments that went before them.This is slighted in the Engineers case , whereby Knox q, Isaacs, Rich and Starker J said that the Constitution should be read naturally in the light of the circumstances in which it was made, with knowledge of the combined fabric of the common law, and the statute law which preceded it. The history, common law and text of the constitution itself represents the various constraints t hat Judges need to work with and thus, cannot be viewed as arbitrary. Conclusion Coles intentionality method of interpretation has many flaws inherent in its approach and by definition does not cater for our contemporary society.This is in contrast to Rowe which adopted a progressivism approach and interpreted the words contingent upon external factors such as the context of the words in the Constitution as a whole and the underpinning values of the modern system and its structural framework. It is likely that history may set the context for the words of the provision and provide a starting point for constitutional interpretation but progressivism is the preferred approach as it encapsulates the needs of a changing society and ensures the interpretation is current, practical and logical.

Compare and contrast essay Essay

brown familiars How Negative Stereotypes Affect Polynesian And Maori In New Zealand My demographic is high school cleaning ladies, betting food burger-making, factory boxpacking, rubbish truck drivers, bus drivers, taxi drivers, sober drivers and living off the pension joy riders I am a dropout. These atomic number 18 all ideas raised and challenged by Joshua Iosefos 2011 viral speech, Brown Brother. Brown Brother is one of three texts that will be examined, comp ard and contrasted in this essay. The min text, Manurewa, is a improvident film based on the South Auckland murder of Navtej Singh, a liquor shop owner. The third text is Fish Heads, a short story written by Aparina Taylor, that focuses on a group of Maori boys who live in the city.The media is a huge culprit for the negative stereotyping that has been brought upon pacifica lot. Brown citizenry be more than what they are portrayed to be through media. Films such as Manurewa reinforce many of the negative stereotypes that train been brought upon Pacific people. The stereotype of brown people is a negative one, one of unemployment, one of crime, one of violence. In Manurewa each one of these stereotypes were portrayed. The men in the short film were all unemployed, all committed crime and all testifyed violence.Bro Town, Siones Wedding, and do I fall in to mention the GC? Now I dont mean to condescend I mean these shows are great, dont get me wrong but sack up anyone explain will in that location ever be a clock time when our representation goes deeper than putting our own people to shame? Joshua Iosefo, in his Brown Brother speech, spoke about this issue how the media represents brown people in a negative light. He highlights how these types of shows create and enforce the stereotypes that brown people now have to live by. While these shows are meant to entertain, this negative reinforcement only show the bad aspect of Polynesian and Maori people.One of the major themes of the film M anurewa is about people being trapped by small(a) expectations and invisible boundaries. People can become trapped from attaining success, trapped from fulfilling their potential, and trapped from being heard. The message in the film Manurewa is that not all brownpeople are bad, but the expectations that their stereotypes have created for them along with the people that they are ring with often leads to them making horrific mis contracts. In this true story, a good person has been surrounded with unemployed, violent people and ultimately ends up committing a murder. In the beginning of the film the boy shows that he does have love and passion in his heart through nutrition and nurturing the horse. After the murder the three older men are happy and excited but the boy was completely distressed about what he had done. These devil scenes clearly show that the boy is a good person who simply made a bad mistakes because of the people that he was surrounded by. When Joshua Iosefo perf ormed Brown Brother at the Tedx conference, he explained how brown people are trapped because of expectations, and surroundings. Meaning that the expectations that have been set from the stereotypes as well as the people that they are surrounded by impact greatly and almost trap brown people from success. He used a box as an example, where he explained that each side of the box needs to be kicked down in order for Maori and Polynesian people to succeed.People need to make the change themselves through their own actions. Brown people need to stop being what the stereotypes expects them to be and need to start proving that they are better than the stereotype. In the short story, Fish Heads the Maori boys are short of cash but they do not let this stop them. All four boys are employed, they all work for the little money that they have and they show that there is no reason to live the way that the stereotype expects them to live. They are not violent, they do not commit crimes and they do not drink alcohol excessively. They notice people and they are happy living a simple wholesome life. Similarly, Joshua Iosefo talks about beating the stereotype, about standing up and showing that you are better than the stereotype. You can do all things through Christ, Philippians 413. You are more than cap subject. And I dont say that just to make you looking better, I say that because I know. Cause your creator told me to tell you so. You will go places, you will tell stories, so do not feel afeared(predicate) or alone for your God and your family and your home will forever be inside the marrow of your bones. So do not fret, do not regret. For where you go, you take us with you. Brown brother, do not be afraid to be the first, the first to graduate, the first to climb, the first prime minister,or the first good wife brown brother, do not be afraid to be the change. Not in skin tone or colour, but a change in mindset.From one brown brother, to another. These are the power ful words that Joshua pointed at people living under the expectations that the stereotype has set for them. This powerful message is aimed st those who have been beaten by the expectations that have been set by the stereotype. The three texts, Manurewa, Brown Brother and Fish Heads clearly illustrate that there are negative stereotypes and low expectations for Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand. These stereotypes can lead people to feel that they are stuck and defined by their stereotype. Joshua Iosefos speech, talked of the stereotype that was his demographic but also say that Polynesians needed to be responsible for overcoming or changing this stereotype. In the film Manurewa, the inability for Isaac to escape from this cycle of negativity lead the once caring stripling to associate with bad people and ultimately lead to him murdering an innocent man. Whereas in contrast, the text Fish Heads showed that if people are removed from negative environments and influences, they are able to live in a non-stereotypical way.

Digital Natives and Social Media

AbstractemmaConference2013 BournemouthUniversity DigitalNativesandSocialMedia An semiempirical Study about the grandeur of Social Media and its Impact on Media Communication Author(s) Prof. Dr. Mike Friedrichsen Stuttgart Media University Media Business and Media Economics emailprotected? stuttgart. de (email for correspondence ) Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Muhl? Benninghaus Humboldt University Berlin Department CulturalAn Empirical Study about the Importance of Social Media and itsImpact on Media Communication Keywords Digital Natives, Social Media, Social Networking, Media Communication, fly the coop of Information, Use of Social Media Digital Natives are the contemporaries born during or after the general incoming of digital technology. While individuals from elder generations recall organizing, planning and interacting withone another without mobile devices, computers or the Internet, Digital Natives contract been using these technologies since their early years.Theyarethesame,but d ifferenttopreviousgenerations. Digital Natives have an inherent arrest of digital technologies, as theyve been integratedintotheirlivessinceearlychildhood. Theyarepartofatech? savvygenerationat the forefront of technological progress and want to be connected when they wish, from anywhere. Nowgraduatedfrom alternativeeducation,thefirstgenerationofDigitalNatives isenteringtheworkingworldandtransformingitatafastpace. engineering has been integrated into the lives of Digital Natives

Human Resource Is the Most Important Assets in an Organization Essay

Assets croupe be defined as tangible and intangible mental imagerys of a firm which after part be careworn upon by a the firm when required to achieve its objective(s) (Ray and Ramakrishnan, 2006). Tangible assets include financial and physical assets much(prenominal) as machineries and manufacturing plants while examples of intangible assets are branding, company reputation, technological know-how and gentlemans gentleman resourcefulness (Noe et al., 2012). Human resource is the most important asset of an organisation. Using studies which showed that effective use of human beings resources contributed to better incarnate surgical operation and/or productivity, this essay attempts to show that this intangible asset is a central driver in the survival of the fittest and competitiveness of an organisation.For organisations to be successful, they need to survive and obtain an advantage over their competitors. There are many an(prenominal) ways to attain a competitive advant age, including patented product and process technologies, protection and regulation of domestic help markets and access to financial resources (Pfeffer, 1994). However, the aforementioned contributors of success are deemed to be less relevant in at onces societies because technologies can be imitated, markets are increasingly globalised and global capital markets ever more undetermined for worldwide movement of financial resources (Pfeffer, 1994). Instead, in todays organisations, it is widely accepted that employees are key strategic resources for companies because their knowledge, expertise, ideas and proceedss drive innovations, steer product developments and shape bloods with clients.This in turn annex companies performances finished multiple means such as driving profits, increasing productivity and building large guest bases. For example, Sears, a multinational US company, attributed its transformational success through its believe in the 3Cs of stimulate Place to Wor k, Compelling Place to Shop and followed by Compelling Place to Invest (Yeung and Berman, 1997). The ripened management at Sears believed that by optimising its human resources (through shaping of employees attitudes, increasing motivation and skills), it will bring to pass an attractive venue for customers to shop with high level of satisfaction.Consequently, it will be a good investiture option due to strong financial results (through increase in customer expenditure) and productivity (through optimisation of human resources) (Yeung and Berman, 1997). Strategically worth(predicate) resources whitethorn give companies a competitive edge. Bartlett and Ghoshal (2002) argued that there is an evolving corporate dodging from one that competes for markets and products, to one that compete for resources and competencies, to the current strategy of competing for talents and dreams.Resources are deemed to be valuable when they cannot be comfortably imitated, their value depreciate slo wly, they cannot be slowly substituted and they are relatively better than competitors with similar resources (Collis and Montgomery, 2008). While these resources may be tangible or acquired capabilities, it is the view of this author that it is people that best fit the described characteristics of valuable resources. Creativity and expertise of an employee may not be easily duplicated. It takes time to groom talents, and their experiences and competencies cannot be easily replaced. Thus, to gain a competitive edge, companies need to invest in the hearts and minds of the key success promoter human resource.Many studies have shown that effective HRM (such as investments in training and strategic HRM) had led to increase in company performances, through proxy indicators such as increase profits return, labour productivity, and service quality. In the employee-customer-profit chain model devised by senior management at Sears, they predicted that a 5 whole increase in employee attitu de will drive 1.3 unit increase in customer purpose that will in turn increase revenue growth by 0.5% (Rucci et al, 1998). When put into context, in 1998, a 4% rise in employee and customer satisfaction translated to an increase in more than $200 meg of revenues over a 12-month period (Rucci et al, 1998). Other than the example on Sears, Choudhury (2010) showed that there is a positive relationship between investment in human capital and company performance in Indias nurture technology sector. Similar positive correlation can also be observed from studies analysing quality of human capital and sales revenue per employee in Romanian software companies (Camelia, 2012) and perceived effectiveness of rewards on corporate performance in Nigerian Banks (Ojo, 2011).As an important asset of the organisation, human resources need to be managed properly. HRM encompasses a multitude of responsibilities including recruitment, training and development, benefits, health and services (Noe et al ., 2012). There are many case studies that have show that a highly-skilled workforce and appropriate training of employees play a key role in increased company performances. A survey done on 62 sell stores showed that percentage of personnel skilled in their designed training programme correlated with the stores performances (Russell et al., 1985).Another study done in 15 manufacturing sectors of seven European Union countries suggested that intermediate- and highly-skilled workers increases labour productivity, which is a proxy for companies performances (Corvers, 1997). It is envisioned that with training, employees will be weaponed with job-related skill sets and competencies. A company with cutting edge technology needs employees with the know-how to operate the machineries. A retail shop may distinguishes itself from another shop that sells similar merchandise through quality services that helps build a brand name and large clientele. Employees may learn how to serve custome rs through training programmes. A study of 2003-2006 Training Top 100 survey report published by the Training cartridge clip showed that there is a positive correlation between training expenditure and operating performances (Liao et al., 2011). This supports the general lore that training is an important HRM tool for companies to survive in the increasingly competitive market.Human resource is a key contributor to the success of organisations today. Examples used in this essay reinforced the argument that human resource is likely to the most important corporate asset as it is a unique resource that drives companies performance. In order to effectively tap on this valuable resource, companies need to train employees so that their potential can be harnessed.

Comparison/Contrast: Baroque and Rocco

baroque and rococo were both artistic causes that spanned the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with churrigueresque coming first. Even though they were different period, some(prenominal) have stood the test of time and the whole shebang that were produced are still admired today. Baroque was the artistic movement started in Italy in sixteen hundred and was supported by the church because of the religious themes that were the focus of the works of art. However, fancy was an elaborate style that was popular in eighteenth century France. The contributions to art made during these two periods were extremely popular in their times.The Baroque period of the seventeenth century, focused on Christian religious subjects and the dramatic happenings in their lives. The scenes were depicted in splendid and majestic ways. The nobility in Italy saw Baroque art and architecture as a way to impress others. The more religious a individual was could be shown through the art work and ther efore demonstrated power. The architecture was grand with central courtyards for socialize as well as meditation and worship. Reception rooms and grand staircases dominated the homes.The art and architecture was lavish and ornate. One particular painter that painted during the Baroque Period, but was not Italian and did not use religious themes was Diego Velazquez. His movie of The Toilet of Venus is one of the only nudes painted during this period that exist. about were destroyed by the Spanish Inquisition, but Velazquezs masterpiece was saved from destruction. Even though the painting discount only be considered religious if one were looking at a polytheistic culture, it can still depict the natural beauty of the nude body as created by God.Rococo was like Baroque in that it was lavish and detailed. However, Rococo was not limited to religious themes. With the change in rule to Louis XV, Rococo was the new style to decorate the palaces. The interiors were ornate with the new u se of the shell curve as a decoration. In fact the curve was used in all of the paintings of the time as well as the use of delicate colors. Jean Antoine Watteau was the perfect example of an artist who incorporated all of the styles of the French invigorate artistic movement.His painting The Embarkation for Cythera is a perfect example of this style. In it the colors are so delicate that sometimes the subjects are blurred rather than to make harsh lines. The subjects are elaborately set up even on this journey. Both the Baroque and the Rococo artistic periods were shown in the video. Because of the depictions and examples used, it was easy to see the differences of the two movements, but also how one built on another. The information presented was understandable and informative.

Lying in Business Essay

Q.1 It is not always okay to lie in a business context. However, there get out be very less specific circumstances that lies will be okay. Some time there will be the situation where we can lie it may be the case of stand by to others . In a business context, it might be okay, if liars generate pricy purposes. For example, they are lying because they want to avoid a risking investment of the investor, and they are lying because they want to help the company from a bankruptcy. In short, it is okay to lie in a situation that lairs want to arouse business. But liars have to verify that it is not for their benefit, and it doesnt interfere others in which they are involved.Q.2 It is not bewitching at all, if the managers fire their employees without thinking what the geniuss of the lie are. The lie may be have some value therefore manager should notice the outcome if not so then there will be many kinds of punishment given to the employees but fired is not only the solution. Some time employees knows the drive better than manager and have not to tell the manager because the managers might not understand the nature of the problem, and they will a crystalizest the decisions. Sometimes, only the person who involved in the problem would understand the problem.Q.3Withholding data for your feature advantage is the same as lying or not. It will be depended on the nature of the discipline. If the information is about deal or not deal, life or death, is basically a type of lying. The information itself will be interfered another parties and cause casualty damages to them, and the withholding fellowship can gain benefit instead. However, if the information is for ones party advantages but it does not interfere another party at all, this hidden information will not be considered as lying because the information is not necessary mean to another party.Q.4 In a business context, if someone has something to gain by lying, in my point of view there might be 90 to 95 p ercent of people. Because it is the nature of valet de chambre beings when they see their benefit or they are gaining by lying then they dont judgment ever that it is wrong or it is against ethics. They are taking risk and have aggressive approach to have or to make more and more profit.

Maxim Gorky

Russian short layer writer, novelist, autobiographer and essayist, whose life was deeply interwoven with the tumultuous revolutionary tip of his throw country. Gorky shoemakers lasted his long c areer as the preeminent spokes humanness for culture beneath the Soviet policy-making science of Joseph Stalin. Gorky formulated the central principles of Socialist Realism, which became doctrine in Soviet literature. The rough, soci wholey conscious naturalism of Gorky was set forth by Chekhov as a destroyer bound to destroy everything that deserved destruction. LIFEMaxim Gorky whose real name was Aleksei Maximovich Peshkov, was innate(p) on March 16, 1868, in the Volga River city of Nizhny Novgorod, which in 1932 was renamed Gorky in his honor. His father, a cabinetmaker, died when Gorky was 4 eld old, and the son was raised in harsh circumstances by his maternal grandparents, the proprietors of a dye whole kit and caboodle. From the age of 10 Gorky was virtually on his own, and he geted at a bang-up variety of occupations, among them shopkeepers errand boy, dishwasher on a Volga steamer, and apprentice to an icon maker.At a very tender age he saw a swell deal of the brutal, seamy side of life and stored up impressions and details for the earthy and starkly realistic stories, novels, plays, and memoirs which he later wrote. He was self-taught in many areas, including literature, philosophy, and history, both Russian and Western. In 1884 Gorky moved to Kazan, dreaming of immersion university. That didnt come to happen because of lack of money. Instead he enrolled in the revolutionary underground school. He attended gymnasium and university populist clubs, reading the relevant literature and fighting with natural law.At the identical time he earned his living doing menial work. In December 1887 a series of misfortunes led him to a suicide attempt. After that, Gorky traveled around Russia in search of a job and experience. He traveled to the Volga Regi on, the Don, Ukraine, Crimea, second Bessarabia ( forthwith part of Moldova) and the Caucasus. He worked as a labourer in a village, a dishwasher, a rail behavior system guard and a worker at a fishery, a salt-works and a repair workshop. At the same time he managed to get acquainted with people from arts circles, take part in clashes with police and earn an overall reputation as an untrustworthy individual.In his travels, he collected prototypes for his future characters, which can be seen in his early works, where the characters were people from the bottom echelons of society. In 1895 he was appointed at the Samara theme (Samarskaya gazeta), where he wrote daily articles for the gossip column By the Way (Mezhdu prochim), signing them as Iegudiil Khlamida. While at the paper he met Ekaterina Volzhina, an editor, whom he married a class later. In 1897 he suffered from aggravated terbium and moved to the Crimea together with his wife. after they moved to the village of Maksatikh a in Ukraines Poltava Region.That same year, his son Maksim was born. At the beginning of 1898 Gorky re crooked to Nizhniy Novgorod and in April 1901 Gorky was detained in Nizhniy Novgorod for having taken part in student unrest in St. Petersburg. Later he was expelled to Arazmus. Gorky was elected an honorary academic of polite literature. However, under Emperor Nikolay IIs order, the core of the election was annulled. In 1903 he broke up with his wife and in 1904, the Moscow Theatre Actress female horse Andreeva became his common law wife. In 1905 Gorky was an active participant in the revolution.He was a close associate of the social-democrats exclusively at the same time, on the eve of Bloody Sunday (a key moment in Russias history, which served as a trigger for the 1905 Revolution) he visited Sergey Witte, the author of the October Manifesto of 1905, and together with a group of intellectuals he tried to prevent the tragedy. After the revolution Gorky was arrested on charges of preparing a coup dtat, but both Russian and European cultural figures rose up to defend the writer. He was released and at the beginning of the following year, emigrated from Russia.He went to the States to collect funds to support the Russian Revolution. In 1913 Gorky returned to Russia. After the 1917 Revolution his position became ambiguous on the one hand, he was supportive of the new authorities, but on the separate hand, he kept to his own beliefs, thinking that mass culture is to a greater extent important than class struggle. At the same time, he started works at the macrocosm Literature (Vsemirnaya literatura) publishing house, founding the newspaper New Life (Novaya Zhizn). Gorkys traffic with the authorities stepwise aggravated.In 1921 he left Russia, officially going to Germany for medical treatment, but in position escaping Bolshevik retribution. He lived in Germany and Czechoslovakia until 1924. During this time he actively wrote articles for German magazine s (The Acknowledgement of a Poet and the Russian Literature of Our Time, The Russian Cruelty, The Intellectuals and the Revolution). All the articles show his rejection of what had happened in Russia. Gorky actively strived to unify Russian artists working abroad. In the mid-1920s Gorky moved to Sorrento, Italy, where he started work on the novel The Life of Klim Samgin (Zhizn Klima Samgina).The novel was never finished. In 1928 he journ nitty-grittyd to the USSR and spent the summer traveling around the country. His impressions on the trip were published in the support Around the Union of Soviets (Po Soyuzu Sovetov). Three years later Gorky moved to Moscow. Having seen the results of Bolshevik rule time traveling, he set as his goal the promotion of the new cultural construction of the country. He initiated the founding of literary magazines and publishing houses. Later he organized and chaired the first all-Soviet meeting of Soviet writers. In whitethorn 1934 Gorkys son was kil led.Some suspected the NKVD (the Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs) was responsible for the killing. Two years later Gorky died himself. Speculations continued to surround his death for years one popular theory suggested he was purposely poisoned. Gorky is buried in Moscow. LITERARY CAREER Gorky rose to prominence early in life and do his mark as a writer, playwright, publicist, and publisher in Russia and abroad. His literary career began in 1892 with the publication of the story Makar Chudra. His articles and stories were soon appearing in provincial newspapers and journals.His ideas of the writers involvement in the social, political, and economic problems facing Russia were close to those of king of beasts Tolstoy and Vladimir G. Korolenko, who became his mentor and friend. Some of his literary works had important political significance, such as the poem Burevestnik (The billowy Petrel), which in 1901 prophesied the oncoming storm of revolution. While visiting the joi n States in 1906 on a tutelage to win friends for the revolution and raise funds for the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP), he wrote the novel Mat (Mother).Gorkys revolutionary ideology lay in his insistence on the inevitability of radical transmit in Russian society. He started to write for newspapers, and his first book, the 3-volume Sketches and Stories (1898-1899), established his reputation as a writer. Gorky wrote with bounty and optimism about the gypsies, hobos, and down-and-outs. He also started to analyze more deeply the plight of these people in a broad, social context. In these early stories Gorky skillfully mixed romantic exoticism and realism. Occasionally he canonized the rebels among his outcasts of Russian society.In his early writing career Gorky became friends with Anton Chekhov , Leo Tolstoy , and Vladimir Lenin. Encouraged by Chekhov, he composed his to the highest degree famous play, The Lower Depths (1902), which took much of the material fr om his short stories. It was performed at the Moscow Art Theater under the direction of Konstantin Stanislavsky. The Lower Depths enjoyed a huge achievement, and was soon played in Western Europe and the United States. Gorky was literary editor of Zhizn from 1899 and editor of Znanie publishing house in St. Petersburg from 1900.Foma Gordeyev (1899), his first novel, dealt with the new merchat class in Russia. The short story Dvadsat shest i odna (1899, Twenty-Six Men and a Girl) was about lost ideals. There were twenty-six of us twenty-six living machines locked in a damp basement where, from dawn to dusk, we kneaded dough for fashioning into biscuits and pretzels. The window of our basement looked out onto a ditch dug in front of them and lined with brick that was dark-green from damp the windows were covered outside in fine wire netting and sunlight could not get us through the flour-covered panes.Our boss had put the wire netting there so we could not weaken hand-outs of hi s bread to beggars or those comrades of ours who were without work and starving. (from Twenty-Six Men and a Girl, 1899) The joy in the lives of the bakers is the 16-year old Tania, who works in the same building. A handsome ex-soldier, one of the master bakers, boasts of his success with women. He is challenged to seduce Tania. When Tania succumbs, she is mocked by the men, who have lost the only bright spot in the darkness. Tania curses them and walks away, and is never again seen in the basement.Gorky became composite in a secret printing press and was temporarily exiled to Arzamas, central Russia in 1902. On loss Russia in 1906, Gorky spent seven years as a political exile, living mainly in his villa on Capri in Italy. Politically, Gorky was a nuisance to his fellow Marxists because of his insistence on remaining independent, but his great influence was a powerful asset, which from their point of view outweighed such minor defects. He returned to Russia in 1913, and during Wor ld War I he agreed with the Bolsheviks in opposing Russias participation in the war.He remote the Bolshevik seizure of power during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and went on to attack the victorious Lenins despotical methods in his newspaper Novaya zhizn (New Life) until July 1918, when his protests were silenced by censorship on Lenins orders. liveness in Petrograd, Gorky tried to help those who were not outright enemies of the Soviet government. Gorky often assisted imprisoned scholars and writers, support them survive hunger and cold. His efforts, however, were thwarted by figures such as Lenin and Grigory Zinovyev, a close ally of Lenins who was the head of the Petrograd Bolsheviks.In 1921 Lenin sent Gorky into exile under the pretext of Gorkys needing specialized medical treatment abroad. In the decade ending in 1923 Gorkys greatest masterpiece appeared. This is the autobiographical trilogy Detstvo (191314 My Childhood), V lyudyakh (191516 In the World), and Moi universite ty (1923 My Universities). The title of the last volume is sardonic because Gorkys only university had been that of life, and his wish to study at Kazan University had been frustrated.This trilogy is one of the finest autobiographies in Russian. It describes Gorkys childhood and early manhood and reveals him as an acute observer of detail, with a flair for describing his own family, his numerous employers, and a panorama of minor but memorable figures. The trilogy contains many messages, which Gorky now tended to imply rather than preach openly protests against motiveless cruelty, continued emphasis on the importance of hoarseness and self-reliance, and musings on the value of hard work.Gorky finished his trilogy abroad, where he also wrote the stories published in Rasskazy 19221924 (1925 Stories 192224), which are among his best work. From 1924 he lived at a villa in Sorrento, Italy, to which he invited many Russian artists and writers who stayed for lengthy periods. Gorkys health was poor, and he was disillusioned by postrevolutionary life in Russia, but in 1928 he yielded to pressures to return, and the enough official celebration there of his 60th birthday was beyond anything he could have expected.In the following year he returned to the U. S. S. R. permanently and lived there until his death. His return coincided with the establishment of Stalins ascendancy, and Gorky became a prop of Stalinist political orthodoxy. Correspondence published in the 1990s between Gorky and Stalin and between Gorky and Genrikh Yagoda, the head of the Soviet secret police, shows that Gorky gradually lost all illusions that freedom would prevail in the U. S. S. R. , and he consequently adjusted to the rules of the new way of life.He was now more than ever the undisputed leader of Soviet writers, and, when the Soviet Writers Union was founded in 1934, he became its first president. At the same time, he helped to found the literary method of Socialist Realism, which was impose d on all Soviet writers and which obliged themin effectto become outright political propagandists. Gorky remained active as a writer, but almost all his later fiction is concerned with the period before 1917. In Delo Artamonovykh (1925 The Artamonov Business), one of his best novels, he showed his continued interest in the rise and fall of prerevolutionary Russian capitalism.From 1925 until the end of his life, Gorky worked on the novel Zhizn Klima Samgina (The Life of Klim Samgin). Though he completed four volumes that appeared between 1927 and 1937 (translated into English as Bystander, The Magnet, Other Fires, and The Specter), the novel was to remain unfinished. It depicts in detail 40 years of Russian life as seen through the eyes of a man inwardly destroyed by the events of the decades preceding and following the turn of the 20th century.There were also more playsYegor Bulychov i drugiye (1932 Yegor Bulychov and Others) and Dostigayev i drugiye (1933 Dostigayev and Others)but the most generally admired work is a set of reminiscences of Russian writersVospominaniya o Tolstom (1919 Reminiscences of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy) and O pisatelyakh (1928 About Writers). The memoir of Tolstoy is so bracing and free from the hagiographic approach traditional in Russian studies of their leading authors that it has sometimes been acclaimed as Gorkys masterpiece.Almost every bit impressive is Gorkys study of Chekhov. He also wrote pamphlets on topical events and problems in which he glorified some of the most brutal aspects of Stalinism. Assessment. After his death Gorky was canonized as the patron saint of Soviet letters. His reputation abroad has also remained high, but it is doubtful whether posterity will deal with him so kindly. His success was partly due, both in the Soviet Union and to a lesser extent abroad, to political accident.Though technically of lower-middle-class origin, he lived in such poverty as a child and young man that he is often considered the g reatest proletarian in Russian literature. This circumstance, coinciding with the rise of working-class movements all over the world, helped to give Gorky an immense literary reputation, which his works do not wholly merit. Gorkys literary style, though gradually improving through the years, retained its original defects of excessive striving for effect, of working on the readers nerves by the piling up of emotive adjectives, and of tending to overstate.Among Gorkys other defects, in addition to his weakness for philosophical digressions, is a certain coarseness of emotional grain. But his eye for physical detail, his talent for making his characters live, and his unrivaled knowledge of the Russian lower depths are weighty items on the credit side. Gorky was the only Soviet writer whose work embraced the prerevolutionary and postrevolutionary period so exhaustively, and, though he by no means stands with Chekhov, Tolstoy, and others in the front rank of Russian writers, he remains o ne of the more important literary figures of his age.